Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew, R.A. 1993. Clonal propagation of neem by tissue culture. Abst. World Neem Conf. Bangalore, Bangalore, India. p. 61. Eeswara, J.P., Stuchburg, T., Allan, E.J. & Mordue, Lu A.J. 1998. A standard procedure for the micropropagation of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A.Juss). Pl. Cell Rep. 17: 215–219. Ezumah, B.S. 1986. Germination and storage of neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) seed. Seed Sci. Technol. 14: 593–600. Fujiwara, T., Takeda, T., Okihara, Y., Shimizu, M., Normura, T. & Tomita, Y. 1982. studies on the structure of polysaccharides from the bark of Melia azadirachta. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30: 4025–4030. Fujiwara, T., Sugishita, E.Y., Takeda, T., Okihara, Y., Shimizu, M., Nomura, T. & Tomita, Y. 1984. Further studies on the structure of polysaccharides from the bark of Melia azadirachta. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32: 1385–1391. Gamborg, O.L., Miller, R.A. & Ojima, K. 1968. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Expl Cell Res. 50: 151–58. Gautam, V.K., Nanda, K. & Gupta, S.C. 1993. Development of shoots and roots in anther derived callus of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.– a medicinal tree. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 34: 13–18. Gill, R.I.S. & Gosal, S.S. 1998. Micropropagation, acclimatization and field evaluation of tissue culture derived plants. Abst. Tree Science Conf. New Delhi, India. p. 44. Govindachari, T.R., Sandhya, G. & Ganesh Raj, S.P. 1992. Structure of azadirachtin K, a new tetranortriterpenoid from Azadirachta indica. Ind. J. Chem. 31: 295–298. Jacobson, M. 1989. Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides.Vol. 1: The Neem Tree. CRC Press, Boca Raton. Joarder, N., Islam, R. & Joarder, O.I. 1993a. Micropropagation of Azadirachta india A. Juss. through axillary bud culture. Abst. World Neem Conf. Bangalore, India. p. 56. Joarder, N., Joarder, O.I., Islam, R., Zaman, A.T.M.N. & Biswas, B.K. 1993b. In vitro response of nuceller tissue and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from cultured cotyledons of neem. Abst. World Neem Conf., Bangalore, India. p. 60. Jones, P.S., Ley, S.V., Morgan, E.D. & Santafinos, D. 1989. The chemistry of the neem tree. In: Jacobson, M. (ed.), 1988. Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides. Vol. 1: The Neem Tree. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 19–45. Joshi, M.S. & Thengane, S.R. 1993. Potential application of in vitro methods for propagation of neem (Azadirachta india A. Juss.). Abst. World Neem Conf. Bangalore, India. p. 56. Knop, W. 1865. Quantitative Üntersuchungen Über die Ernharungsprocess der Flanzen. Landw. Vers. Stnen.7: 93–107. Koul, O., Isman, M.B. & Ketkar, C.M. 1990. Properties and uses of neem, Azadirachta indica. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1–7. Lee, S.M., Klocke, J.A., Barneby, M.A., Yamasaki, R.B. & Balandrin, M.F. 1991. Insecticidal constituents of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). In: Hedin, P.A. (ed.) Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators. ACS Symp. Series No. 449: Am. Chem. Soc. Washington, DC. pp. 293– 304. Maithani, G.P., Bahuguna, V.K., Rawat, M.M.S. & Sood, O.P. 1989. Fruit maturity and interrelated effect cultulers. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497. Muralidharan, E.M. & Mascarenhas, A.F. 1989. In vitro morphogenesis in Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. F. Tiss. Cult. Biotech. Med. Aro. Pl. Div. Biochem Sci. NCL, Pune. 8. pp. 49–55. Murray, M.G. & Thompson, W.F. 1980. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 8: 4321–4325. Murthy, B.N.S. & Saxena, P.K. 1998. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.). Pl. Cell Rep. 17: 469–475. Narayan, P. & Jaiswal, V.S. 1985. Plantlet regeneration from leaflet callus of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. J. Tree Sci. 4: 65–68. Nirmala, A.K., Ramaswamy, N.M. & Rangasamy, S.R.S. 1993. Tissue culture studies in neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Abst. World Neem Conf. Bangalore, India. p. 58. Nitsch, J.P. 1969. Experimental androgenesis in Nicotiana. Phytomorphology 19: 389–404. Qudrat-i-Khuda, M., Ghosh, S.K. & Mukherjee, A. 1940. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 17: 189. Ramesh, K. & Padhya, M.A. 1990. In vitro propagation of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. from leaf discs. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 28: 932–935. Randhawa, N.S. & Parmar, B.S. 1993. Neem Research and Development. Soc. of Pesticide Sci., New Delhi.
MICROPROPAGATION OF ELITE NEEM TREE 359 Rangaswamy, N.S. & Promila 1972. Morphogenesis of the adult embryo of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 67: 377–379. Rawat, N.S. 1994. Neem products and their pesticidal characteristics. Everyman’s Science. pp. 194–199. Schmutterer, H. & Ascher, K.R.S. (eds) 1984. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Other Tropical Plants. Proceedings of the Second International Neem Conf. 1983, Rauischholzhausen, GTZ, Eschborn, p. 587 Schmutterer, H. & Ascher, K.R.S. (eds) 1987. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Other Tropical Plants. Proceedings of the Third International Neem Conf. 1986, Nairobi, Kenya, GTZ, Eschborn, p. 703. Schmutterer, H., Ascher, K.R.S. & Rembold, H. (eds) 1981. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree. Pro- ceedings of the First International Neem Conference, 1980, Rottach-Egern, GTZ, Eschborn, p. 297. Siddiqui, S., Ara, I., Faizi, S., Mahmood, T. & Siddiqui, B.S. 1988. Phenolic tricyclic diterpenoids from the bark of Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae). Tetrahedron 42: 4849–4856. Singh, R.P. 1997. Neem for management of insect pest. Abst. Workshop on Neem the Virtuous Tree, New Delhi. Sinha, P. & Roy, S.K. 1998. Micropropagation of Azadirachta indica. Abst. Tree Science Conf. New Delhi, India. p. 23. Syamal, M.M. & Singh, S.K. 1988. In vitro micropropagation of neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Abst. Tree Science Conf. New Delhi, India. p. 23. Su, W.W., Hwang, W.I., Kim, S.Y. & Sagawa, Y. 1997. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 50: 91–97. Taylor, D.A.H. 1987. Azadirachtin. A study in the methodology of structure determination. Tetrahedron 43: 2779–2787. Tomar, U.K. & Rathore, T.S. 1998. In vitro clonal propagation of Azadirachta indica from juvenile and mature stock of palnts. Abst. Tree Science Conf. New Delhi, India. p. 21. Van der Nat, J.M., ‘T Hart, L.A., Van der Sluis, W.G. & Labadie, R.P. 1987. Two functionally different Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae). Pharm. Weekb. Sci. Ed. 9: 224. Van der Nat, J.M., Van der Sluis, W.G., De Silva, K.T.D. & Labadie, R.P. 1991. Ethnopharmacognostical survey of Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae). J. Ethnopharmac. 35: 1–24. Warthen, Jr. J.D. 1979. Azadirachta indica: A source of insect feeding inhibitors and growth regulators. Agric. Rev. Mannuals, Northeast. Ser. 4: 1–21. Wewetzer, A. & Schulz, F.A. 1994. Plantlet regeneration from tissue of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.). In: VIII Int. Congr. Plant Tissue Cell Cult., Firenze, Italy, p. 12.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
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242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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244 of donor individuals and/or by
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246 J. MALÀ ET AL. Karnosky, D.F.,
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CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 251 and
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
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2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 257 Feuc
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CHAPTER 24 MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE
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MICROGRAFTING GRAPEVINE FOR VIRUS I
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CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 2.
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION 2.2.2. Hyp
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2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION occurs fre
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CHAPTER 26 IN VITRO CONSERVATION AN
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IN VITRO CONSERVATION AND MICROPROP
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CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO Constitu
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. C
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 6. Incub
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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 9. The r
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CHAPTER 28 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CASTANEA SATIVA
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412 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 4.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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416 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 3.
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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