Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits

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MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACHIO 2.2.2. Culture Maintenance A regular pattern of subculture of the regenerated shoot cultures is necessary at every 3 or 4 week interval on the fresh MS medium (full strength) supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 mg l –1 BA and 0.2 mg l –1 GA3 for long-term maintenance of mature regenerated shoot cultures. Figure 1. A) In vitro forced apical tips of 20-year-old Pistacia vera L. B) Rootstock development from germinating seed culture in RDM + 1 mg l –1 BA. C) A close up photo of slit micrografted rootstocks. The excised shoot meristems (4–6 mm) were inserted into the stem axis. D) Shoot tips of P. vera micrografted onto seedling rootstocks in vitro after 6 weeks in culture. In order to examine the effect of medium strength on shoot growth and multiplication, the concentration of nutrients in BCM varied (quarter, half to full and double strength). The medium strength used affected the mean shoot number and mean node number. Explants from plantlets cultured on quarter and half strength medium regenerated less shoots and nodes than those from explants cultured in full and double strength media (Onay et al., 2003b). Therefore, we have used half or full strength medium for culture initiation and maintenance. In failing to do so, the cultures can rapidly turn dark brown and lose their organogenesis potential regardless of state of medium. 293
294 A. ONAY ET AL. 2.2.3. Rootstock Production Pistacia vera, with reduced vigor, is commonly used rootstock worldwide. Most pistachio orchards in Iran, Turkey, Syria and Tunisia are planted by using this rootstock. As seed sources, in this study, the following open pollinated rootstocks were used: Pistacia vera L., P. terebinthus L., and P. khinjuk Stocks. At the end of 14th day in vitro culture period, observations were taken from the total of 50 seedlings on: stem diameter (mm), stem height (cm), and length of the roots (cm). Stem diameter. In vitro micrografting, stem diameter is very important. Onay et al. (2003b) observed stem diameter differences between rootstocks. P. vera L. had the biggest stem diameter which is important to accommodate the microscions while P. terebinthus L. and P. khinjuk stocks showed a reduced stem diameter. As expected, an effect was found between stem height records of the seedlings. In adventitious roots. In vitro seed germination type. This type was also tested for the best rootstock production on RPM with or without 0.5 mg l –1 relation with the number of roots, P. vera L. had less roots with a couple of BA. In this experiment, intact kernels, half kernels with embryos were isolated and cultured on RPM. After 14 day culture period, records on a total number of 40 explants were taken on stem diameter (mm), stem height (cm), and length of roots (cm). The cultured explants exhibited various responses according to with and without BA treatments. In the presence of BA, the length of root was reduced, and the isolated embryos gave shorter root length than the intact and half kernels. Regarding stem diameter, important differences between rootstocks were observed (Onay et al., 2003b). The intact kernels gave the biggest stem diameter among the explants tested. Considering observations made, Pistacia vera L. is promising for in vitro micrografting. Explant 1. Use mature dry nuts of Pistacia vera ‘Siirt’ to raise in vitro seedlings for rootstocks. 2. Bring the seeds to the laboratory and remove outer pericarp and shells of seeds before sterilization. Surface sterilization of mature seed 1. Sterilize kernels, from which the outer pericarp and shells are removed by immersion in a 20% (v/v) commercial bleach solution for 30 min on a shaker at 150 rpm. 2. Gently wash with SDW at least 3 times for 5 min. 3. Shake with SDW at least 30 min on a shaker at 100 rpm. 4. Remove the seed coats and then cut the half of the cotyledons. 5. Incubate the cultures in Magenta GA 7 vessels (Chicago Corp.) containing 50 ml RPM supplemented with 1.0 mg l –1 BA in a growth room.
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PROTOCOLS FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF W
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 14. Root induc
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 43. Micropro
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x PREFACE on precise stepwise proto
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CHAPTER 1 TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 5 a
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2.2. Plant Bioregulators and the Ce
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 9 in
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TOTIPOTENCY AND THE CELL CYCLE 11 F
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Bartel, D. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomi
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CHAPTER 2 MICROPROPAGATION VIA ORGA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Tabl
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SLASH PINE Amon
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2.6. Field Testing MICROPROPAGATION
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CHAPTER 3 MICROPROPAGATION OF COAST
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SEQUOIA SEMPERV
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CHAPTER 4 MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS
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MICROPROPAGATION OF PINUS PINEA L.
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42 2.1. Organ Culture K. ISHII ET A
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44 K. ISHII ET AL. scent light, 70
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46 Chemicals (mg/l) K. ISHII ET AL.
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48 Table 3. Effects of plant growth
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50 K. ISHII ET AL. Gupta, P.K. & Du
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52 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES (Me
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54 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Con
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56 2.1.3. Organogenesis from Field-
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58 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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60 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES Fig
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62 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES For
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64 C. HARGREAVES AND M. MENZIES and
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CHAPTER 7 GENETIC FIDELITY ANALYSES
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 69 Plant mat
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e added to samples, as this fluoroc
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11. Determine the mean channel numb
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3. In addition to testing various b
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GeneScan internal size standards: 4
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3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 81 microprop
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PLANT GENETIC FIDELITY 83 Steinkell
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86 2.1. Explant Preparation M.G. OS
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88 WPM (Lloyd & McCown, 1980) Macro
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90 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. on the m
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CHAPTER 9 MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDIT
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2.1. Explant Preparation MICROPROPA
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MICROPROPAGATION OF MEDITERRANEAN C
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108 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Larue (1953) a
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110 D.T. NHUT ET AL. HgCl2 added wi
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112 2.4. Establishment of Shoot Cul
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114 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 5. Effec
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116 D.T. NHUT ET AL. culture to be
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118 D. EWALD ability of the plant m
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120 D. EWALD Figure 1. Yew micropro
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122 D. EWALD Root development. Afte
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CHAPTER 12 MICROPROPAGATION OF LARI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF LARIX SPECIES V
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CHAPTER 13 PROPAGATION OF SELECTED
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PROPAGATION OF SELECTED PINUS GENOT
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CHAPTER 14 ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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ROOT INDUCTION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS
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CHAPTER 15 MICROPROPAGATION OF BETU
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BETULA PENDULA
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CHAPTER 16 PROTOCOL FOR DOUBLED-HAP
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DOUBLED-HAPLOID MICROPROPAGATION IN
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CHAPTER 17 IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF
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IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF FRAXINUS SP
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Axillary shoots (number) IN VITRO P
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CHAPTER 18 MICROPROPAGATION OF BLAC
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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2.5. Rooting and Acclimatization MI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF BLACK LOCUST 19
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202 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL tha
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204 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Mak
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206 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL 2.3
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208 V. RAJESWARI AND K. PALIWAL Fig
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210 2.8. Hardening V. RAJESWARI AND
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CHAPTER 20 MICROPROPAGATION OF SALI
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MICROPROPAGATION OF SALIX CAPREA L.
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CHAPTER 21 MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDR
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2.1. Establishment of Shoot Culture
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MICROPROPAGATION OF CEDRELA FISSILI
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238 programmes is somatic embryogen
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240 Figure 2. A) Induction of organ
Page 242 and 243: 242 2.4.1. Rooting of Apical and Ba
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Page 248 and 249: CHAPTER 23 MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVI
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Page 252 and 253: MICROGRAFTING IN GRAPEVINE 253 Tabl
Page 254 and 255: 2.4. Culture Conditions MICROGRAFTI
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Page 266 and 267: CHAPTER 25 APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION
Page 268 and 269: APRICOT MICROPROPAGATION Figure 1.
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Page 274 and 275: 2.4. Acclimatization APRICOT MICROP
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Page 288 and 289: CHAPTER 27 MICROGRAFTING OF PISTACH
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Page 322 and 323: CHAPTER 30 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS AND
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344 R.I. IYER Rao, Y.S., Mathew, K.
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346 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA marg
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348 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA (iv)
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350 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA 2.4.
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352 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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354 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA tree
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356 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Figu
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358 B.K. BISWAS AND S.C. GUPTA Drew
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CHAPTER 33 MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCO
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MICROPROPAGATION FOR MICROSPORE EMB
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374 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD younge
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376 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD Table
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378 L. TIAN AND S.I. SIBBALD 2.4. R
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CHAPTER 35 MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGL
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MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L
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CHAPTER 36 TISSUE CULTURE PROPAGATI
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PROPAGATION OF MONGOLIAN CHERRY AND
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410 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA 2.
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414 M. PASQUAL AND E.A. FERREIRA ch
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418 D.T. NHUT ET AL. its economical
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420 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Table 1. Shoot
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422 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 3. Orga
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424 D.T. NHUT ET AL. mg l -1 NAA +
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426 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Nakasone, H.Y.
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428 C. LIU ET AL. C. cujete L. is c
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430 C. LIU ET AL. Table 1. Composit
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432 C. LIU ET AL. 6. Excise the sho
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434 Fresh weight per plantlet (mg)
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436 C. LIU ET AL. 4. REFERENCES Aga
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438 M. MISHRA ET AL. micropropagati
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440 M. MISHRA ET AL. each plate ino
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Section C
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446 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. from me
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448 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. regener
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450 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. Figure
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452 M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ ET AL. 2.6.3.
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454 counts counts M.G. OSTROLUCKÁ
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CHAPTER 42 PROTOCOL FOR MICROPROPAG
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AN medium (Anderson, 1980) MICROPRO
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MICROPROPAGATION OF VACCINIUM VITIS
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2.6. Flow Cytometry Analysis MICROP
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CHAPTER 43 MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMB
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BAMBOO MICROPROGATION BY AXILLARY S
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CHAPTER 44 IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE
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IN VITRO CULTURE OF TREE PEONY 479
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500 M. MHATRE from various natural
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502 2.2. Disinfection of Plant Mate
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504 M. MHATRE soil in polythene bag
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506 M. MHATRE Figure 2. Pineapple,
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508 M. MHATRE Escalona, M., Lorenzo
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510 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Tunisia, Morocco
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512 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 2.1.2. Separatio
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514 2.2. Culture Medium J.M. AL-KHA
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516 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 5. Isolate callu
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518 J.M. AL-KHAYRI 3. Water the tra
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520 J.M. AL-KHAYRI expressed from c
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522 J.M. AL-KHAYRI alcohol and twic
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524 J.M. AL-KHAYRI potential. Simil
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526 J.M. AL-KHAYRI Barreveld, W.H.
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528 D.T. NHUT ET AL. arsenide chip
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530 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 2. Plan
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532 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 4. Plan
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534 D.T. NHUT ET AL. plantlets. The
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536 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 11. Fre
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538 D.T. NHUT ET AL. Figure 13. Sub
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540 D.T. NHUT ET AL. The response o
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CHAPTER 48 IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN
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IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS IN BANANA 545
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3.3. Observations to be Recorded IN
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