motivational analysis of organizations

20. Dependency-Affiliation. The top managers control the organization and employ
their own “in-group” members, who are extremely loyal to these managers.
21. Extension-Achievement. The organization strives to be relevant to society and
emphasizes the achievement of results. People are selected for their competence and are
given freedom in doing their work.
22. Extension-Expert influence. Social consciousness is emphasized by the
organization, and experts influence all major decisions.
23. Extension-Control. The organization’s goals have to do with serving a larger
cause; but the structure is bureaucratic, with rules and regulations that are to be followed
strictly.
24. Extension-Dependency. The business of the organization is community service
(for example, education, health, or development). Emphasis is placed on conformity to
the policies laid down by the top person or team, to whom all final decisions are
referred.
25. Extension-Affiliation. The organization’s business is community service, and
members with similar backgrounds (ideology, specialization, and so on) form strong
linkages with one another.
26. Affiliation-Achievement. The organization places great importance on
relationships and draws people with similar backgrounds. Although the organization
values achievement of results and excellence in performance, rewards are given mainly
on the basis of an employee’s relationship with the person or persons who are in a
position to give such rewards.
27. Affiliation-Expert influence. The organization consists mainly of experts,
emphasizes good relations, and either employs people of similar backgrounds or has
cliques based on common links.
28. Affiliation-Control. Although the organization is concerned with maintaining
good relations among members, its form is bureaucratic. (For example, a club with strict
rules and procedures might be in this category.)
29. Affiliation-Dependency. The organization values the maintenance of friendly
relations among members, and one or two people make most decisions. Employees are
rewarded on the basis of their closeness to the top person(s).
30. Affiliation-Extension. The organization’s main goal is to maintain good relations
among members, and its work involves socially relevant issues. (The Lions Club and
similar organizations might be in this category.)
Use of the Instrument
The MAO-C can be used to diagnose organizational climate from the standpoint of
motivation. The focus of the instrument can be perceptions of the overall organizational
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The Pfeiffer Library Volume 19, 2nd Edition. Copyright © 1998 Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer