list of figures - Terry Sunderland

(1929); Hutch. in F.W.TA. 2: 391 (1936); Dalziel in App. to F.T.W.A. 495: (1937);
Guinea-Lopez in Ensayo Geobot. de la Guinea Cont. Espanola 244: (1942); Fosberg
in Principes 4: 129 (1960); Irvine in Woody Plants of Ghana 773: (1961); Walker &
Sillans in Plantes Utiles du Gabon 324: (1961); T.A. Russell in F.W.T.A 3(2): 167
(1968); H.E. Moore in Principes 15: 112 (1971); Letouzey in Adan. 2(18): 314 (1978);
Hall & Swaine in For. Veg. Ghana 123: (1981); Aedo et al. Bases docs. Fl. de Guinea
Ecuatorial 375: (1999).
Calamus (subgen. Laccosperma) opacus G. Mann & H. Wendl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
24: 431 (1864); Type: Equatorial Guinea, Bioko, Mann 97 (holotype K!).
Clustering slender palm climbing to 10-15 m. Stem, often branching, without sheaths
up to 15 mm in diameter, with c.20 mm; internodes 10-20 cm long. Leaf sheath
moderately to sparsely armed with black tipped, pale coloured bulbous-based, upward
pointing or reflexed spines; sheaths near inflorescence occasionally very sparsely
armed; black caducous indumentum present on mature sheaths; ocrea 12-30 cm long,
gradually tapering at the apex, papyraceous and tattering, pale straw-coloured without,
dark shiny brown within, armed with black-tipped spines with pale bulbous bases,
particularly at apex. Leaves up to 1.2 m long; petiole to 12 cm long x 0.8 cm wide,
abaxially rounded, adaxially flattened, armed along the edges with up to 1 cm-long,
inequidistant, black spines with pale bulbous bases, spreading or reflexed; rachis to 60
cm long, rounded or somewhat angular in cross section, armed as the petiole, the
spines decreasing in size distally; cirrus to 50 cm long armed as the rachis, although
spines becoming sparse distally; leaflets composed of 2-4s fold, 10-12 on each side of
the rachis, inequidistant and unequal in size, usually sub-equidistant proximally and
borne in pairs distally, sigmoid, 1-5-costulate, the largest 20-30 cm long x 2.5-10 cm
broad at widest point, ± concolorous, with prominent transverse veinlets and numerous,
rather distant, small spines on the margins; acanthophylls to 2.5 cm long.
Inflorescences, numbering 4-8, produced simultaneously in distal 30-50 cm of stem;
peduncle c.10 cm long; prophyll c.4 cm; lower bracts up to 2 cm long, gradually
decreasing distally, with a short triangular acuminate lobe, closely adpressed to the
next bract, finely striate; rachillae to 10 cm long, spreading, densely clothed with
striate imbricate bracts + 4 mm distant, each with a rather wide mouth and short
apiculum to1 mm; bracteoles minute. Flowers 8 mm long x 2 mm wide; calyx, tan-
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