list of figures - Terry Sunderland

Recommendations

Info

Reitsma: Gabon; 1340, 2047, 2151, 2856 Richards: Cameroon; 5209 Ringoet: DR Congo; s.n. Roberty: Guinea; 2903 Robyns: DR Congo; 3250, 4300 Rosevear: Cameroon; 30138 Sapin: DR Congo; s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n. Schmitz: DR Congo; 3710, 5617 Schouten: DR Congo; 103 Schweinfurth: DR Congo; 2860 Scott-Elliot: Sierra Leone; 4442, 4738, 5121 Sita: Congo; 4642 Small: Sierra Leone; 455; 832; 697 Smith: Nigeria; 53 Soyeaux: Gabon; 155 Starin: Gambia; 28, 136 <strong>Sunderland</strong>: Ghana; 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266: Cameroon; 1640, 1645, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1730, 1731, 1733, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1746, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1790, 1801, 1802, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1855, 1856, 1864, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1890, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1999, 2017, 2021, 2042, 2043, 2048, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, s.n.: Equatorial Guinea; 1791, 1792, 1793, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1871, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 Sylvanus: Cameroon; s.n. Szafranski: DR Congo; 1578 346
Terashima: DR Congo; 94 Tessmann: Cameroon; s.n.: Equatorial Guinea; 1, 2, 4, 6, 44 Thiebaud: DR Congo; 321 Thomas: Cameroon; 2292, 5163, 6139, 8182, 9726, 9732, 9733, 9738, 10058, 10059, s.n., s.n., s.n. Thomas et al: Congo; 8944 Thomas: Nigeria; 338 Thomas: Sierra Leone; 2753 Thonet: DR Congo; 110, 129 Tomlinson: Ghana; s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n. Toussaint: DR Congo; 2294, 2331 Troupin: DR Congo; 296; 2658, 9162 Tsiforkor: Ghana; s.n. Tuley: Nigeria; 454, 530, 603, 648, 649, 650, 665, 652, 653, 846, 851, 1076, 1077, 1078, Tuley & Ochie: Nigeria; 1682 Unwin: Nigeria; 109 van Gemerden: Cameroonl; 77, 110, Bi, BJ, BL, van Meer: Liberia; 264 van Nek: Gabon; 517 Vanden-Berghen: Senegal; 1752, 4094, 5264, 7285 Vandenbrand: DR Congo; 238 Vanderyst: DR Congo; 1408, 2781, 4906, 5139, 5256, 6411, 9974, 11246, 12343, 12664, 12670, 21843, 30729 Vigne: Ghana; 1365, 1829, 1868, 1875, 2410, 3951, 4858 Watts: Cameroon; 511, 514, 821 Webb: Cameroon; 311 347
Page 1 and 2:
THE TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND UTILISATI
Page 3 and 4:
The final Chapter presents summaris
Page 5 and 6:
CHAPTER TWO TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT 2.1.
Page 7 and 8:
3.3.3.2. Climate 180 3.3.3.3. Topog
Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER SEVEN A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROF
Page 11 and 12:
REFERENCES 290 APPENDIX ONE INDIGEN
Page 13 and 14:
Figure 42. Distribution of O. tuley
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 110. How many years spent in
Page 17 and 18:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work would no
Page 19 and 20:
ecommended this project be funded b
Page 21 and 22:
CHAPTER ONE MORPHOLOGY AND BIOGEOGR
Page 23 and 24:
Similar branching of the stem is al
Page 25 and 26:
The growing point of the stem of ra
Page 27 and 28:
Aerial roots are commonly encounter
Page 29 and 30:
sloughing of the sheath spines part
Page 31 and 32:
For many of the species of Eremospa
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 3. Acanthophylls of Laccospe
Page 35 and 36:
In common with other members of the
Page 37 and 38:
exception to this is Laccosperma op
Page 39 and 40:
of overall diversity, when compared
Page 41 and 42:
CHAPTER TWO TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT “Ta
Page 43 and 44:
It is somewhat surpising that since
Page 45 and 46:
evidence suggests that the climbing
Page 47 and 48:
2.5. KEY TO THE GENERA Rattans clim
Page 49 and 50:
horizontal, peduncle enclosed withi
Page 51 and 52:
Knee absent: Stem ± triangular in
Page 53 and 54:
15 cm broad, deeply notched with ro
Page 55 and 56:
Distribution This species occurs fr
Page 57 and 58:
Bot. Appl. 17: 896 (1936); Renier i
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 3. Eremospatha cabrae (De Wi
Page 61 and 62:
sterile, 1904 (BR!); Cabra s.n., Ma
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 5. Eremospatha laurentii De
Page 65 and 66:
(SCA!); de Wilde 2183, 60km S of Es
Page 67 and 68:
long, decreasing distally, rachilla
Page 69 and 70:
Distribution E. wendlandiana is dis
Page 71 and 72:
indumentum; ocrea obliquely truncat
Page 73 and 74:
Distribution E. barendii is known f
Page 75 and 76:
stems sessile, up to 3.5 m long; ra
Page 77 and 78:
Distribution E. macrocarpa is a ver
Page 79 and 80:
(YA!); Letouzey 12563, Lac Tissongo
Page 81 and 82:
and sparse distally; leaflets 8-14
Page 83 and 84:
Distribution E. haullevilleana is r
Page 85 and 86:
FHO!, BR!); Louis 9560, 20km W of Y
Page 87 and 88:
order region of Cameroon and the Ri
Page 89 and 90:
pairs c.3 cm long, at 45° angle to
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 17. Eremospatha cuspidata (G
Page 93 and 94:
ase, entire and acuminate to irregu
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 19. Eremospatha tessmanniana
Page 97 and 98:
LACCOSPERMA (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) D
Page 99 and 100:
Habitat and distribution The genus
Page 101 and 102:
(1929); Hutch. in F.W.TA. 2: 391 (1
Page 103 and 104:
Habitat and ecology Tolerant of dee
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 21. Laccosperma opacum (G. M
Page 107 and 108:
± concolorous with prominent trans
Page 109 and 110:
December 6, 1984 (WAG!); le Testu 1
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 31. Laccosperma acutiflorum
Page 113 and 114:
(06.09N:01.53W) Fl., June 1972 (MO!
Page 115 and 116:
portion of stem; peduncle 12-20 cm
Page 117 and 118:
Distribution L. robustum is very co
Page 119 and 120:
1997 (K!, EG!, BH!); Sunderland 179
Page 121 and 122:
own indumentum below; leaflets comp
Page 123 and 124:
Distribution This species is distri
Page 125 and 126:
French). A brief discussion of this
Page 127 and 128:
Imperfectly-known taxon Laccosperma
Page 129 and 130:
ONCOCALAMUS (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) H
Page 131 and 132:
Key to the species of Oncocalamus M
Page 133 and 134:
moderately to sparsely armed with b
Page 135 and 136:
Distribution O. mannii is restricte
Page 137 and 138:
often concentrated on the sheath ap
Page 139 and 140:
Distribution O. macrospathus is dis
Page 141 and 142:
sheath, spines concentrated on marg
Page 143 and 144:
Distribution This species is restri
Page 145 and 146:
ocrea, often sloughing off to leave
Page 147 and 148:
Notes O. wrightianus is distinct fr
Page 149 and 150:
CALAMUS L. (Greek = a reed) L. in S
Page 151 and 152:
Robyns & Tournay in Fl. du Parc Nat
Page 153 and 154:
prickle-like spines; bracts tightly
Page 155 and 156:
Distribution C. deërratus is the m
Page 157 and 158:
(06.05N:00.50W) pist., March 17, 19
Page 159 and 160:
MIXED COLLECTIONS A number of colle
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 51. E. macrocarpa seedling,
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 59. E. cuspidata, Etembue, E
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 67. L. secundiflorum, Ghana
Page 167 and 168:
Figure 75. O. mannii, Ayemaken, Equ
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER THREE RATTAN DIVERSITY AND
Page 171 and 172:
an inventory or survey. These param
Page 173 and 174:
clustering species are to be includ
Page 175 and 176:
3.3.1.2 Climate The Campo Reserve h
Page 177 and 178:
the reserve has no management plan
Page 179 and 180:
associated with drier forest, was c
Page 181 and 182:
the lowland forest is characterised
Page 183 and 184:
sampling intensities were much lowe
Page 185 and 186:
seedling 6 or length of stem) were
Page 187 and 188:
Table 5. Rattan abundance and stock
Page 189 and 190:
sampling of the rattan population,
Page 191 and 192:
concentrated, not only on rattan, b
Page 193 and 194:
Table 10. A comparison of rattan di
Page 195 and 196:
4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR RATTA
Page 197 and 198:
the palm hearts from ground-level (
Page 199 and 200:
feed on these fruits for long perio
Page 201 and 202:
the genus Ceratogymna have been rec
Page 203 and 204:
latter situation has been observed
Page 205 and 206:
Hollow sheaths Some species of ant
Page 207 and 208:
Table 15. Count of domatia and ratt
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 85. Ant colonisation of leaf
Page 211 and 212:
(Fisher et al., 1987), followed by
Page 213 and 214:
Table 16. Hapaxanthy in the Palmae
Page 215 and 216:
Figure 89. Lateral inflorescences o
Page 217 and 218:
the absence of primate dispersers i
Page 219 and 220:
CHAPTER SIX INDIGENOUS NOMENCLATURE
Page 221:
The extensive nature and wide range
Page 224 and 225:
Table 18. Summary of the non-cane u
Page 226 and 227:
1977; Berlin, 1992). This hypothesi
Page 228 and 229:
taxonomies are included in (or affi
Page 230 and 231:
taxa (standing palms) within their
Page 232 and 233:
Table 19. Life form, intermediate a
Page 234 and 235:
For example, the Anyang of Cameroon
Page 236 and 237:
Box 2. The structure of vernacular
Page 238 and 239:
intermediate categories for African
Page 240 and 241:
hoped that any future development o
Page 242 and 243:
242
Page 244 and 245:
CHAPTER SEVEN A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROF
Page 246 and 247:
Interestingly, the patterns of expl
Page 248 and 249:
Figure 99. Scatterplot of size of m
Page 250 and 251:
forest products (see Box 3) these a
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 101. Mean range (or distance
Page 254 and 255:
aid a wage. In fact, quite the oppo
Page 256 and 257:
7.5.3 Socio-economic profile of the
Page 258 and 259:
7.5.3.5 Previous occupations A larg
Page 260 and 261:
the rainy season when transport dif
Page 262 and 263:
Figure 114. Cited reasons for decli
Page 264 and 265:
service. Unemployment increased fro
Page 266 and 267:
Figure 116. Correlation between ran
Page 268 and 269:
enefits rattan brings, those artisa
Page 270 and 271:
from enabling the sustainable explo
Page 272 and 273:
Figure 119. Woven basket products m
Page 274 and 275:
such as Indonesia have lifted the b
Page 276 and 277:
press; this study) and the conditio
Page 278 and 279:
Table 31. Findings and recommendati
Page 280 and 281:
of this trade, in fiscal terms, to
Page 282 and 283:
Not threatened (species distributio
Page 284 and 285:
clears the plot again to plant food
Page 286 and 287:
forest products, such as rattan for
Page 288 and 289:
from the informal forest economy an
Page 290 and 291:
REFERENCES Abbiw, D. 1990. The usef
Page 292 and 293:
Belcher, B. 1999. A production to c
Page 294 and 295:
Burkill, I.H. 1935. A dictionary of
Page 296 and 297: Dalziel, J.M. 1937. The useful plan
Page 298 and 299: Dransfield, J. 1988b. The palms of
Page 300 and 301: Fisher, J.B. & J. Dransfield. 1977.
Page 302 and 303: Hall, J.B. & M.D. Swaine. 1981. Dis
Page 304 and 305: Huxley, C.R. 1978. The ant-plants M
Page 306 and 307: Lee, Y.F. 1993. Some models for est
Page 308 and 309: Moore, H.A. 1973. Palms in the trop
Page 310 and 311: Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & B. Obiri-Darko
Page 312 and 313: Randall, R. & E. Hunn. 1984. Do lif
Page 314 and 315: Siebert, S.F. 1997. Economically im
Page 316 and 317: Tenati, G. [in press]. The use of r
Page 318 and 319: Weiner, G. and Liese, W. 1989. Anat
Page 320 and 321: APPENDIX ONE INDIGENOUS NOMENCLATUR
Page 322 and 323: and Uganda, in the absence of large
Page 324 and 325: E. cuspidata (G. Mann & H. Wendl.)
Page 326 and 327: also a strong binding material (Rus
Page 328 and 329: (unpubl. notes): BENIN: Profizi (19
Page 330 and 331: L. laeve (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) H. W
Page 332 and 333: The “palm heart” is eaten widel
Page 334 and 335: A tea made from the young shoots is
Page 336 and 337: O. wrightianus Hutch. Vernacular na
Page 338 and 339: Bidgood & Vollesen: Tanzania; 3040
Page 340 and 341: Dransfield: Cameroon; 6998, 6999, 7
Page 342 and 343: Heudelot: Gambia; 372 Hoier: DR Con
Page 344 and 345: Lowe: Nigeria; 2792, 2793, 4353, Ca
Page 348 and 349: Webb & Bullock: Cameroon; 310 Welle
Page 350 and 351: APPENDIX FOUR SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
Page 352 and 353: a) high forest b)farm c)fallow d) d
Page 354 and 355: APPENDIX FIVE PUBLICATIONS AND DISS
Page 356 and 357: DISSEMINATION 1. Sunderland, T.C.H.
show all

list of figures - Terry Sunderland

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?