list of figures - Terry Sunderland

Figure 89. Lateral inflorescences of Oncocalamus mannii, near Etembue, Equatorial Guinea
(Sunderland 1923)
5.4.4 Calamus deërratus
C. deërratus produces long whip-like inflorescences and, in common with all other
species of Calamus, is pleonanthic.
5.5 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Hapaxanthy was initially described as an ancestral condition in palms (Holttum, 1955;
Corner, 1966). However, Dransfield (1976), Moore & Uhl (1982), Uhl & Dransfield
(1987), and Tucker (1991) consider it a derived condition. The fact that hapaxanthy
occurs in unrelated genera, as well as the occurrence of both hapaxanthy and
pleonanthy in the same genus (e.g. Metroxylon, Daemonorops and Salacca), also
suggests that hapaxanthy arises independently and does not commonly imply a
common or close ancestor. This has also been proven cladistically by Baker et al., (in
press).
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