list of figures - Terry Sunderland

sigmoid, regularly or irregularly arranged, often fiercely armed with short to long
spines along the margins and the main ribs, midribs prominent adaxially, transverse
veinlets conspicuous or inconspicuous; acanthophylls alternate proximally, subopposite
to opposite distally. Inflorescences produced simultaneously in the axils of
the most distal few, frequently reduced leaves, branched to 1-order; peduncle enclosed
within the leaf sheath and emerging from its mouth, ± hemispherical in cross section;
prophyll strictly tubular, 2-keeled, enclosed within the subtending leaf sheath;
peduncular bracts 1-3; rachis longer than the peduncle; rachis bract distichous, strictly
tubular with a triangular limb, without spines, sparsely to profusely indumentose,
becoming tattered at apex, each subtending a pendulous or spreading rachilla; rachilla
prophyll tubular, 2-keeled, included within the subtending bract, rachilla bracts
distichous, tubular with apiculate triangular limb, striate, sparsely indumentose, the
margin sometime ciliate, each, except for the basal 1-2, subtending a flower cluster.
Flowers usually in dyads, rarely in triads, sometimes solitary towards the tip of the
rachillae, the flower cluster bearing a 2-keeled prophyll and 0, 1 or 2, 2-keeled
bracteoles (depending on the number of flowers); calyx slightly to strongly stalk-like
at the base, often bent at right angles, incompletely divided distally into 3- triangular
striate lobes; corolla tubular at the very base, divided above into 3 oblong , narrow,
triangular, valvate lobes; stamens 6, epipetalous, filaments distinct, much swollen,
angular, scarcely narrowed at the connective; anthers medifixed, oblong, latrorse,
pollen elliptic, monosulcate with finely reticulate, tectate exine; gynoecium
tricarpellate, triovulate, ovary covered with scales, those at the base of the style
minute, spine-like, style elongate, 3-angled, stigma minute, pyramidal, ovules basally
attached, anatropous. Fruit baccate, 1- sometimes 2-seeded, tipped with the base of the
style, the remainder of the style usually breaking off in early fruit development, calyx
and corolla persistent at base; epicarp covered in vertical rows of reflexed scales with
fringed margins, mesocarp white, fleshy and sweet at maturity, endocarp not
differentiated. Seed attached sub-basally at one side, ovoid and laterally flattened, or
rounded and deeply scalloped, with a very shallow to deep, lateral pit, seed coat
fleshy, endosperm homogenous; embryo lateral, opposite the depression or pit.
Germination adjacent-ligular; eophyll bifid.
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