list of figures - Terry Sunderland

with approximate tubular bracts, each, except for the one or more basal-most, subtending
a flower or flower group; in male inflorescence flowers solitary, borne together
with a bracteole (‘involucre’); in female inflorescence flowers borne in pairs, a sterile
male (acolyte) together with a fertile female and 2 bracteoles (‘involucrophore’ and
‘involucre’). Male flower symmetrical; calyx tubular, 3-lobed; corolla 3-lobed,
divisions almost reaching the base; stamens 6, epipetalous, with free filaments;
pistillode minute or absent. Sterile male flower as the fertile male but anthers empty.
Female flower with calyx and corolla + as in the male flower; staminodes 6; ovary
covered in vertical rows of reflexed scales and tipped with 3 stigmas; locules 3,
incomplete, each with a single ovule, normally only one ovule developing. Fruit
variously shaped, tipped with the remains of the stigma, with the calyx and corolla
persistent below, covered in vertical rows of reflexed scales. Seed with thick or thin,
sweet or sour or very astringent sarcotesta and variously shaped hard diaspore;
endosperm homogeneous or ruminate; embryo basal or lateral. Germination adjacentligular;
eophyll bifid or pinnate.
Around 350 species distributed from Africa, India to Eastern Asia, Malesia, to
Australia and Fiji with the greatest abundance and diversity occurring in the
archipelagoes of Malesia. Represented in Africa by a single, very variable, widely
distributed species. Important economically as the source of much of the rattan for the
cane industry, particularly in SE Asia.
C. deërratus G. Mann & H. Wendl.
(Latin) “to go astray” refers to the habit of this species to form expansive clumps
G. Mann & H. Wendl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 24: 429 (1864); Drude in Engl. Bot. Jarbh.
5: 130 (1895); Cummins in Kew Bull. 137: 80 (1898); C.H. Wright in F.T.A. 8: 108
(1901); Becc. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 11(1): 151 (1908); Milbr. in Notiz. Bot. Gar.
Dah. App. 27: 15 (1913); Unwin in W. Afr. For. 240 (1920); Holland in Kew Bull. 9:
727 (1922); Hédin in Rev. de Bot. Appl. 19: 503 (1929); Hutch. in F.W.T.A. 2: 390
(1936); Dalziel in App. F.W.T.A. 497: (1937); Burr. in der Tropenfl. 42(5): 204
(1939); Guinea-Lopez in Ensayo Geobot. de la Guinea Cont. Espanola 244: (1946);
Irvine in Econ. Bot. 6(23): 31 (1952); Berhaut in Fl. du Sénégal 1: 211 (1954); A.
150