list of figures - Terry Sunderland

sampling intensities were much lower than for standard timber inventories, 0.003%,
0.001% and 0.045% respectively, and it is probable that some minor forest formations
were not sampled, a random stratified approach to site selection, ensured that the main
forest types were represented. Increased resources would facilitate the greater
sampling intensities for full resource inventories; increased sampling which is needed
for the development of detailed management plans (Stockdale and Wright, 1994).
In addition to the quantitative assessment for each survey site, intensive floristic
inventories of the rattan resource were also undertaken in each area (see Sunderland et
al., 1997).
3.4.2 Plot establishment
Within the 1ha plot configuration, the plot is divided into 25 quadrats, each 20 x 20
meters in size 3 . To eliminate errors, surveying to establish the quadrat corners
proceeds from the centre of the plot outwards. A row of quadrats is built north to
south along the centre line from its midpoint; new quadrats are then added westward
until rows two and three are completed. The next step is to finish the centre row
before moving to the eastern portion of the plot and establishing the remaining
quadrats.
The quadrats are permanently marked at each of their corners with aluminium or
plastic stakes and tagged with a letter and number to differentiate their location within
the plot. Marking starts at the baseline, which is the north/south border on the east
side of the plot. All stakes protrude well above the forest floor to increase visibility.
Red stakes are used for the plot corners, and white for marking the quadrats.
The survey area is surveyed in a horizontal plane using a theodolite. Corrections for
slope are made, ensuring that each of the quadrats contains 400 square meters
regardless of topography 4 . Before enumerating the plot, string is tied along the borders
of the quadrats. This helps in locating plants to be enumerated within each quadrat.
3
It is generally accepted that 20 meters is the longest distance that can be accurately surveyed in a
dense forest (Dallmeier, 1992).
4
Correcting for the influence of slope is crucial is establishing a horizontal plane of 1 ha in size. The
equation: Slope Correction = 1/cos arctan (% slope / 100) is used for slope correction but most hand-
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