list of figures - Terry Sunderland

9.3.2. Management
In general, the wild rattan resource is rarely managed. In many areas, rattan canes are
considered an “open-access” resource and the lack of resource tenure of this product is
undoubtedly contributing to its reputed scarcity in areas of high exploitation.
However, in SE Asia in particular, a number of recognised management systems are
in place (Sunderland and Dransfield, in press). In this respect, four main types of
management have been identified:
9.3.2.1. Natural regeneration in high forest
This level of management requires the development and implementation of
management plans based on sound inventory data and an understanding of the
population dynamics of the species concerned. This is particularly appropriate for
forest reserves, community forests and other low-level protected areas. These
“extractive reserve” models are highly appropriate for rattan: a high value, high
yielding product that relies on the forest milieu for its survival.
9.3.2.2. Enhanced natural regeneration
This management system in undertaken through enrichment planting and canopy
manipulation, in natural forest. This is especially appropriate where forest has been
selectively logged (more so in the Dipterocarp forest of SE Asia, rather than the more
selective logging regimes practised in Africa). Management inputs are fairly high,
with the clearance of competing undergrowth vegetation and subsequent selective
felling to create “artificial” gaps has been practised in India, with some success for the
rattan resource. Rattan planting in forest in East Kalimantan has also proved
successful.
9.3.2.3. Rattan cultivation as part of shifting cultivation or formal agroforestry
systems
The incorporation of rattan into traditional swidden fallow systems in some areas of
SE Asia is well known (Connelly, 1985; Siebert and Belsky, 1985; Peluso, 1992;
Weinstock, 1983). The general principle is that, on harvesting ephemeral or annual
crops, rattan seedlings are planted and the land is then left fallow. When the rotation is
repeated, usually on a 7-15 year cycle, the farmer first harvests the rattan and then
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