list of figures - Terry Sunderland

Figure 87. Hapaxanthy and pleonanthy in palms
A. Single-stemmed pleonanthic palm with acropetal production of inflorescences and potentially
indeterminate growth. B. The same, but multi-stemmed. C. Single-stemmed (and thus monocarpic)
hapaxanthic palm with simultaneous production of inflorescences. D. The same, but multi-stemmed and
thus polycarpic. E. Single-stemmed hapaxanthic palm with basipetal production of inflorescences, the
distal inflorescences opening before the proximal. F. The same, but multi-stemmed. (Arrows indicate
continuation of terminal growth; x = termination of stem elongation).
5.3 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF HAPAXANTHY
With the exception of the Central and South American Raphia taedigera, an otherwise
African genus, hapaxanthy is limited to the Old World palms. In all, 15 genera of
palms, the majority of them in the Calamoideae, are wholly or partly hapaxanthic. In
addition, the majority of hapaxanthic palms are climbers. Within the African rattan
genera, Laccosperma is hapaxanthic, whilst Eremospatha, Oncocalamus and Calamus
are pleonanthic.
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