list of figures - Terry Sunderland

ONCOCALAMUS (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl.
G. Mann & H. Wendl. ex Hook.f. in Benth. and Hook. Genera Plantarum 3:881, 936
(1883). Type: O. mannii (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. (Calamus mannii H. Wendl.).
Calamus subgenus Oncocalamus G. Mann & H.Wendl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. (London)
24:436 (1864).
Clustering, spiny, moderate to high-climbing, pleonanthic, monoecious rattan palms.
Stem circular in cross section, with short to medium internodes; sucker shoots
axillary. Leaves pinnate, strongly bifid in juveniles, with a terminal cirrus; sheath
strictly tubular, bearing scattered, brown or black, bulbous-based triangular, brittle
spines, sometimes becoming bare, and scattered, thin, white, caducous indumentum;
ocrea conspicuous, tightly sheathing, neatly horizontally truncate, lobed or somewhat
saddle-shaped, armed as the sheath, spines often concentrated on ocrea margin; knee
absent, although rounded horizontal swelling visible at the base of the leaf in some
species; leaves sessile, or with a very short flattened petiole; rachis unarmed or
sparsely to profusely armed on the underside; cirrus bearing reflexed acanthophylls;
elaminate rachis co mmon on lower part of stems, bearing equidistant, alternate to
opposite acanthophylls; spear leaf deep orange to bright crimson to light green;
leaflets few to numerous, usually single-fold, sometimes with 2-4 folds, entire, acute,
linear, lanceolate or sigmoid, regularly arranged, usually armed along the thickened
margins with robust spines, less so distally, midribs evident, other large veins rather
distant, transverse veinlets conspicuous, proximal few leaflets smaller than the rest,
often erect, vertical to rachis and stiffly swept back across stem or arching and
somewhat pendulous. Inflorescences produced in axils; peduncle enclosed within the
leaf sheath and emerging from its mouth, hemisperical or flattened and rectangular in
cross-section; prophyll tubular, tightly sheathing, 2-keeled, 2-lobed at its tip, much
shorter than the sheath; peduncular bracts c.4, ± distichous, tightly sheathing at first,
later splitting longitudinally, each with a short triangular or straight lobe; rachis longer
than the peduncle; rachis bracts like the peduncular, rather close; rachillae pendulous
with a basal 2-keeled tubular prophyll and numerous distichous, short, tubular,
somewhat inflated, striate bracts, each enclosing a flower cluster, eventually
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