list of figures - Terry Sunderland

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Heudelot: Gambia; 372 Hoier: DR Congo; s.n. Holman-Bentley: DR Congo; s.n. Hulstaert: DR Congo; 747, 864, 869, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1428, 1614, 1616, 1623, 1624 Imp. Inst. Nigeria: 346, 347 Ingram: Gambia; s.n. Iquito: Cameroon; 61 Irvine: Ghana; 502, 2075, 2300, 5067, 4861, 4873, 4886 Jackson: Sudan; 3406 Jaeger: Sierra Leone; 1802, 9222 Jangoux: Côte d'Ivoire; 215 Jans: DR Congo; 655 Jansen: Liberia; 1822 Johnson: Ghana; 242, s.n. Jones & Onochie: Nigeria; 17237, 17416 Jordan: Sierra Leone; 2064, 2065, 2066 Kalbrayer: Cameroon; 65 Katende: Uganda; 702, 2783 Keay: Nigeria; 28091 Kinlock: Ghana; 3237, 3326 Kisseadoo: Ghana, 435, 441 Kitembo: DR Congo; 60 Klaine: Gabon; 3246, s.n., s.n., s.n. Kuasa: DR Congo; 48 342
Latilo: Nigeria; s.n. Laurent: DR Congo; 645, 911, 912, 913, 981, 1118, s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n., s.n. le Testu: Central African Republic; 3594 le Testu: Gabon; 1712, 9258, s.n., s.n., s.n. Lebrun: DR Congo; 1508, 2985 Leclercq: DR Congo; 736 Lederman: Cameroon; 1487, 2428 Leeuwenberg: Côte d'Ivoire: 2515, 2524, 2882, 3954 Lejoly: Cameroon; 86/1005: Congo; 96/750: DR Congo; 566, 1438, 1512, 2912, 82/820 Leonard: DR Congo; 54, 55, 815, 816, 817, 832, 929, 932, 933, 935, 936, 980, 1138, 1671, 1686, 3817, 3960 Lerot: Congo; s.n. Letouzey: Cameroon; 3553, 3673, 4151, 4206, 4278, 4285, 4416, 4556, 7368, 8465, 8479, 10605, 11133, 11518, 11776, 11778, 11794, 11796, 11798, 11800, 11889, 12477, 12563, 13843, 14522, 14748, 15317 Letter: Nigeria; 8224 Lewalle: Burundi; 4016, 4414 Liben: DR Congo; 2603 Liegeois: DR Congo; 86, 87, 88, 89 Linder: Liberia; 676, 1228, 1078, 1116, 1226, 1341 Lisowski: DR Congo; 7160, 86336: Equatorial Guinea; 1263 Louis: DR Congo; 218, 772, 847, 1970, 3395, 3638, 3646, 3699, 3804, 3958, 4218, 5656, 6445, 7671, 7994, 8106, 9420, 9556, 9560, 9731, 10045, 10155, 11439, 11739, 11850, 12106, 13176, 14729, 15169, 15489, 15541, 15545, 15925, 15944, 16049, 16340, 16775, 16791, 16794, 16796, 16797, 16995 Louis et al.: Gabon; 1350 Loverage: Zambia; 931 343
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THE TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND UTILISATI
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The final Chapter presents summaris
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CHAPTER TWO TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT 2.1.
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3.3.3.2. Climate 180 3.3.3.3. Topog
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CHAPTER SEVEN A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROF
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REFERENCES 290 APPENDIX ONE INDIGEN
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Figure 42. Distribution of O. tuley
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Figure 110. How many years spent in
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work would no
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ecommended this project be funded b
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CHAPTER ONE MORPHOLOGY AND BIOGEOGR
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Similar branching of the stem is al
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The growing point of the stem of ra
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Aerial roots are commonly encounter
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sloughing of the sheath spines part
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For many of the species of Eremospa
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Figure 3. Acanthophylls of Laccospe
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In common with other members of the
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exception to this is Laccosperma op
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of overall diversity, when compared
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CHAPTER TWO TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT “Ta
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It is somewhat surpising that since
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evidence suggests that the climbing
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2.5. KEY TO THE GENERA Rattans clim
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horizontal, peduncle enclosed withi
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Knee absent: Stem ± triangular in
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15 cm broad, deeply notched with ro
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Distribution This species occurs fr
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Bot. Appl. 17: 896 (1936); Renier i
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Figure 3. Eremospatha cabrae (De Wi
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sterile, 1904 (BR!); Cabra s.n., Ma
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Figure 5. Eremospatha laurentii De
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(SCA!); de Wilde 2183, 60km S of Es
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long, decreasing distally, rachilla
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Distribution E. wendlandiana is dis
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indumentum; ocrea obliquely truncat
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Distribution E. barendii is known f
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stems sessile, up to 3.5 m long; ra
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Distribution E. macrocarpa is a ver
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(YA!); Letouzey 12563, Lac Tissongo
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and sparse distally; leaflets 8-14
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Distribution E. haullevilleana is r
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FHO!, BR!); Louis 9560, 20km W of Y
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order region of Cameroon and the Ri
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pairs c.3 cm long, at 45° angle to
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Figure 17. Eremospatha cuspidata (G
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ase, entire and acuminate to irregu
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Figure 19. Eremospatha tessmanniana
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LACCOSPERMA (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) D
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Habitat and distribution The genus
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(1929); Hutch. in F.W.TA. 2: 391 (1
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Habitat and ecology Tolerant of dee
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Figure 21. Laccosperma opacum (G. M
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± concolorous with prominent trans
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December 6, 1984 (WAG!); le Testu 1
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Figure 31. Laccosperma acutiflorum
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(06.09N:01.53W) Fl., June 1972 (MO!
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portion of stem; peduncle 12-20 cm
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Distribution L. robustum is very co
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1997 (K!, EG!, BH!); Sunderland 179
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own indumentum below; leaflets comp
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Distribution This species is distri
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French). A brief discussion of this
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Imperfectly-known taxon Laccosperma
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ONCOCALAMUS (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) H
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Key to the species of Oncocalamus M
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moderately to sparsely armed with b
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Distribution O. mannii is restricte
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often concentrated on the sheath ap
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Distribution O. macrospathus is dis
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sheath, spines concentrated on marg
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Distribution This species is restri
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ocrea, often sloughing off to leave
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Notes O. wrightianus is distinct fr
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CALAMUS L. (Greek = a reed) L. in S
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Robyns & Tournay in Fl. du Parc Nat
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prickle-like spines; bracts tightly
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Distribution C. deërratus is the m
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(06.05N:00.50W) pist., March 17, 19
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MIXED COLLECTIONS A number of colle
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Figure 51. E. macrocarpa seedling,
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Figure 59. E. cuspidata, Etembue, E
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Figure 67. L. secundiflorum, Ghana
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Figure 75. O. mannii, Ayemaken, Equ
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CHAPTER THREE RATTAN DIVERSITY AND
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an inventory or survey. These param
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clustering species are to be includ
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3.3.1.2 Climate The Campo Reserve h
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the reserve has no management plan
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associated with drier forest, was c
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the lowland forest is characterised
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sampling intensities were much lowe
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seedling 6 or length of stem) were
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Table 5. Rattan abundance and stock
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sampling of the rattan population,
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concentrated, not only on rattan, b
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Table 10. A comparison of rattan di
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4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR RATTA
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the palm hearts from ground-level (
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feed on these fruits for long perio
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the genus Ceratogymna have been rec
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latter situation has been observed
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Hollow sheaths Some species of ant
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Table 15. Count of domatia and ratt
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Figure 85. Ant colonisation of leaf
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(Fisher et al., 1987), followed by
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Table 16. Hapaxanthy in the Palmae
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Figure 89. Lateral inflorescences o
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the absence of primate dispersers i
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CHAPTER SIX INDIGENOUS NOMENCLATURE
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The extensive nature and wide range
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Table 18. Summary of the non-cane u
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1977; Berlin, 1992). This hypothesi
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taxonomies are included in (or affi
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taxa (standing palms) within their
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Table 19. Life form, intermediate a
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For example, the Anyang of Cameroon
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Box 2. The structure of vernacular
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intermediate categories for African
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hoped that any future development o
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242
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CHAPTER SEVEN A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROF
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Interestingly, the patterns of expl
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Figure 99. Scatterplot of size of m
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forest products (see Box 3) these a
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Figure 101. Mean range (or distance
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aid a wage. In fact, quite the oppo
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7.5.3 Socio-economic profile of the
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7.5.3.5 Previous occupations A larg
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the rainy season when transport dif
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Figure 114. Cited reasons for decli
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service. Unemployment increased fro
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Figure 116. Correlation between ran
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enefits rattan brings, those artisa
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from enabling the sustainable explo
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Figure 119. Woven basket products m
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such as Indonesia have lifted the b
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press; this study) and the conditio
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Table 31. Findings and recommendati
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of this trade, in fiscal terms, to
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Not threatened (species distributio
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clears the plot again to plant food
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forest products, such as rattan for
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from the informal forest economy an
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REFERENCES Abbiw, D. 1990. The usef
Page 292 and 293: Belcher, B. 1999. A production to c
Page 294 and 295: Burkill, I.H. 1935. A dictionary of
Page 296 and 297: Dalziel, J.M. 1937. The useful plan
Page 298 and 299: Dransfield, J. 1988b. The palms of
Page 300 and 301: Fisher, J.B. & J. Dransfield. 1977.
Page 302 and 303: Hall, J.B. & M.D. Swaine. 1981. Dis
Page 304 and 305: Huxley, C.R. 1978. The ant-plants M
Page 306 and 307: Lee, Y.F. 1993. Some models for est
Page 308 and 309: Moore, H.A. 1973. Palms in the trop
Page 310 and 311: Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & B. Obiri-Darko
Page 312 and 313: Randall, R. & E. Hunn. 1984. Do lif
Page 314 and 315: Siebert, S.F. 1997. Economically im
Page 316 and 317: Tenati, G. [in press]. The use of r
Page 318 and 319: Weiner, G. and Liese, W. 1989. Anat
Page 320 and 321: APPENDIX ONE INDIGENOUS NOMENCLATUR
Page 322 and 323: and Uganda, in the absence of large
Page 324 and 325: E. cuspidata (G. Mann & H. Wendl.)
Page 326 and 327: also a strong binding material (Rus
Page 328 and 329: (unpubl. notes): BENIN: Profizi (19
Page 330 and 331: L. laeve (G. Mann & H. Wendl.) H. W
Page 332 and 333: The “palm heart” is eaten widel
Page 334 and 335: A tea made from the young shoots is
Page 336 and 337: O. wrightianus Hutch. Vernacular na
Page 338 and 339: Bidgood & Vollesen: Tanzania; 3040
Page 340 and 341: Dransfield: Cameroon; 6998, 6999, 7
Page 344 and 345: Lowe: Nigeria; 2792, 2793, 4353, Ca
Page 346 and 347: Reitsma: Gabon; 1340, 2047, 2151, 2
Page 348 and 349: Webb & Bullock: Cameroon; 310 Welle
Page 350 and 351: APPENDIX FOUR SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
Page 352 and 353: a) high forest b)farm c)fallow d) d
Page 354 and 355: APPENDIX FIVE PUBLICATIONS AND DISS
Page 356 and 357: DISSEMINATION 1. Sunderland, T.C.H.
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