R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

117 Energy of Formation; Enthalpy of Formation
Energy of Formation; Enthalpy of Formation
Bildungsenergie, Bildungsenthalpie; chaleur de formation
These thermodynamic concepts denote the energy which is bound
during the formation of a given compound from its constituent elements
at constant volume (energy of formation) or at constant pressure
(enthalpy of formation, which includes the mechanical work performed
at the standard state*) (25 °C = 77°F and a pressure of 1 bar).
The data are tabulated in accordance with thermodynamic convention:
if the formation of a compound from its elements is accompanied by a
release of energy, the energy of formation is considered to be negative.
The knowledge of the energies of formation of an explosive or an
inflammable mixture on one hand, and of the energies of formation of
the presumed reaction products on the other, makes it possible to
calculate the W Heat of Explosion: W also Thermodynamic Calculation
of Decomposition Reactions. The values for the most important components
of explosives and propellants are given in Table 31,
p. 325–329. An extensive collection of tabulated data for energies and
enthalpies of formation, including source references, was published by
the Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT), Berghausen,
1972*). These values were incorporated into the ICT-Database of
Thermochemical Values, containing data of more than 6000 substances,
which is available from ICT.
References
Médard, M. L.: Tables Thermochemiques. Mémorial de l’Artillerie Française,
Vol. 23, pp. 415– 492 (1954). (The given data are valid at 18 °C and for
carbon as diamond.)
Ide, K. H., Haeuseler, E. and Swart, K.-H.: Sicherheitstechnische Kenndaten
explosionsfähiger Stolle. II. Inform., Explosivstoffe, Vol. 9, pp. 195–197
(1961). Urbanski, T.: Chemistry and Technology of Explosives. Pergamon
Press, London 1964–1967, Vol. 1– 4.
Swart, K.-H., Wandrey, P.-A., Ide, K. H. and Haeuseler, E.: Sicherheitstechnische
Kenndaten explosionsfähiger Stoffe. III Inform. Explosivstoffe, Vol. 12,
pp. 339–342 (1965).
JANAF National Bureau of Standards, Midland, Michigan 1971; Supplements
1974–1982.
Shorr, M. and Zaehringer, A. J.: Solid Rocket Technology. John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., New York 1967.
Sutton, E. S., Pacanowsky, E. J. and Serner, S. F.: ICRPG/AIAA. Second Soli
Propulsion Conference, Anaheim, Calif., June 6–8, 1967.
* F. Volk, H. Bathelt and R. Kuthe, Thermodynamische Daten von Raketentreibstoffen,
Treibladungspulvern und Sprengstoffen. Edited by the Frauenhofer
Institut für Chemische Technologie, Berghausen 1972. Supplement Vol.
1981.