R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

179 Hybrids
criterion of the propellants is the condition of the binder and its
chemical and physical change.
HU-Zünder
HU-detonators have a high safety against static electricity, stray currents
and energy from lightning discharge. They are safe against 4 A
and 1100 mJ/ohm. All-fire current is 25 A, all-fire energy 2500 mJ/
ohm. They are manufactured by ORICA Germany GmbH (formerly
DYNAMIT NOBEL), as instantaneous detonators and with 20 ms and
30 ms short period delay, 18 delays each, and 24 delays of 250 ms
long period delay.
HU-Zündmaschinen: the corresponding blasting machines are produced
by WASAGCHEMIE Sythen, Haltern, Germany.
Hydan
Smokeless binary liquid explosive on hydrazine hydrate and W ammonium
nitrate (NH2)2.H2O/NH4NO3 -basis developed at Dynamit Nobel
Wien in 1994. Some characteristic values for a mixture 50/50.
Hydan II: oxygen balance [%] -4,0
heat of explosion [kJ/kg] 3879
fume volume [l/kg] 1112
explosion temperature [°C] 2400
specific energy [mt/kg] 112,3
brisance (Kast) [106 ] 105,3
specific weight r [g/cm3 ] 1,36
detonation velocity [m/s] 7150*
Despite a favourable price, high security and stability when stored
separately these explosive mixtures got no civilian market due to the
handling problems of hydrazine hydrate (corrosive, toxic). It can be
used as a liquid, cold burning monergole propellant (W Monergol) with
low smoke signature. Japanese and US- institutions have worked on
similar mixtures for the use in ship artillery (W Liquid Propellants).
Hybrids
lithergoles
Hybrids is the name given in rocket technology to systems in which a
solid fuel in the form of a case-bonded charge with a central perfora-
* Ignition with 2 g W Pentrit -Booster.