R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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133 Explosives W Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate for smokeless (cold) powders; W Nitrocellulose, which is the most important component of single-base and double-base powders and multibase rocket propellants. It is also used to gelatinize commercial explosives. Outside the explosives industry, it is also used in the manufacture of lacquers and varnishes. Initiating explosives: W Mercury Fulminate, and other fulminates, which are now used to a much smaller extent; W Lead Azide, alone and in mixtures with Lead Trinitroresorcinate, as primary charges in blasting caps; also for firedamp-proof cooper caps in coal mining, and in military primers of all kinds; W Lead Styphnate (Lead Trinitroresorcinate) mixtures, which may contain W Tetrazene, for percussion caps. Many nitro derivatives of benzene and naphthalene were of importance in the past, since toluene – the starting compound in the manufacture of TNT – could only be prepared by distillation of coal. Owing to the advances in petrochemistry, toluene is now available in practically unlimited amounts; the bulk of the toluene now produced is employed as the starting material for the preparation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) used in the production of plastics. 3. Quality Requirements for Industrial and Military Explosives The quality requirements for industrial explosives are quite different from those valid for military explosives. It follows that their compositions and the mode of their preparation must be different as well. Table 12 gives an overview. The combustion behavior of propellants (W Burning Rate), which is affected by the ignition and by the design of the grain configuration in the combustion chamber, must be exactly reproducible. Primary explosives, when set off by a flame, must detonate immediately, and their detonation development distance must be as short as possible. 4. Acquisition, Handling, and Storage Almost every country has its own laws and regulations governing the acquisition and utilization of explosives. These laws were passed in order to protect the public and to make the use of explosives for criminal purposes a heavily punishable offence. Generally speaking,
Table 11. Explosive Materials and their Application Explosives 134
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Expl
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Dr. Rudolf Meyer (†) (formerly: W
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Preface and Prof. Dr. P. Elsner, Dr
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From the preface of previous editio
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mass: kg g oz. Ib. kilogram: 1 kg =
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1 Adiabatic Abel Test This test on
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3 Airbag types of generators. Both
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5 Airbag 8 7 4 3 1 2 5 6 1. Ignitio
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7 Airbag ates and chlorates with ad
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9 Akardite III Specifications melti
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11 Ammongelit 2; 3 Aluminum Powder
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13 Ammonium Chloride Vapor pressure
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15 Ammonium Nitrate the most powerf
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17 Ammonium Perchlorate Higher dens
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19 Amorces Ammonium Picrate ammoniu
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21 Armor Plate Impact Test Aquarium
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23 Average Burning Rate front face
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25 Ballistic Bomb z(p/pmax) = p/pma
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27 Ballistic Mortar liveliness at p
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29 Barium Perchlorate Baratols Pour
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31 Bengal Fireworks An oxidizer in
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33 BICT employed, since differing v
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35 Black Powder and heat of explosi
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37 Blasting Gelatin agents are cons
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39 Booster Blasting Switch Zündsch
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41 Brisance Bridgewire Detonator Br
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43 Bullet-resistant Bulldoze Aufleg
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45 Burning Rate Burning Rate Abbran
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47 Butanetriol Trinitrate Butanedio
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49 Cap Sensitivity The following da
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51 Cap Sensitivity and initiated. N
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53 Case Bonding Table 3. Cartridge
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55 CDB Propellants Since W TNT is p
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57 Centralite III Centralite II dim
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59 Combustibility Class A, Class B
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61 Composite Propellants the chambe
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63 Confined Detonation Velocity Com
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65 Coyote Blasting Copper chromite
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67 Cutting Charges Curing Härten;
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69 Cylinder Expansion Test energy o
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71 Dangerous Goods Regulations Fig.
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73 Deflagration Point Deckmaster Tr
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75 Destruction of Explosive Materia
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77 Detonation fuses for the safe in
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79 Detonation The state variables w
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81 Detonation perature and pressure
Page 96 and 97: 83 Detonation of aggregation. They
Page 98 and 99: 85 Detonation 4. Sympathetic Detona
Page 100 and 101: 87 Detonation Fig. 14. Gap test acc
Page 102 and 103: 89 Detonation 6. Detonation Develop
Page 104 and 105: 91 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene
Page 106 and 107: 93 Dibutyl Phthalate at r = 1.5 g/c
Page 108 and 109: 95 Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate Dieth
Page 110 and 111: 97 Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical
Page 112 and 113: 99 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan colorles
Page 114 and 115: 101 Dinitrodioxyethyloxamide Dinitr
Page 116 and 117: 103 Dinitroorthocresol molecular we
Page 118 and 119: 105 Dinitrosobenzene energy of form
Page 120 and 121: 107 Dinitrotoluene heat of fusion:
Page 122 and 123: 109 Diphenylamine oxygen balance: -
Page 124 and 125: 111 Ditching Dynamite Dipicrylurea
Page 126 and 127: 113 Dynaschoc An advantage of this
Page 128 and 129: 115 End of Burning Ednatol A cast e
Page 130 and 131: 117 Energy of Formation; Enthalpy o
Page 132 and 133: 119 Equation of State the calculati
Page 134 and 135: 121 Erythritol Tetranitrate Erosion
Page 136 and 137: 123 Ethylenediamine Dinitrate oxyge
Page 138 and 139: 125 Ethylphenylurethane Ethyl Nitra
Page 140 and 141: 127 Exothermal oxygen balance: -61.
Page 142 and 143: 129 Explosive Forming and Cladding
Page 144 and 145: 131 Explosives W Class A Explosives
Page 148 and 149: Table 12. Requirements on Industria
Page 150 and 151: 137 Firing Current combustion chamb
Page 152 and 153: 139 Fragmentation Test plosives wit
Page 154 and 155: 141 Friction Sensitivity Sensitiven
Page 156 and 157: 143 Fumes may lead to heavy interna
Page 158 and 159: 145 Gap Test Functioning Time Ignit
Page 160 and 161: 147 Gelatins; Gelatinous Explosives
Page 162 and 163: 149 Glycerol - 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Et
Page 164 and 165: 151 Glycidyl Azide Polymer lead blo
Page 166 and 167: 153 Guanidine Nitrate Guanidine Nit
Page 168 and 169: 155 Gunpowder them from influx of w
Page 170 and 171: 157 Gurney energy which these powde
Page 172 and 173: 159 Heat of Explosion usually have
Page 174 and 175: 161 Partial Heat of Explosion Compo
Page 176 and 177: 163 Heat Sensitivity In this way, r
Page 178 and 179: 165 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate oxyg
Page 180 and 181: 167 Hexanitroazobenzene energy of f
Page 182 and 183: 169 Hexanitrodiphenylaminoethyl Nit
Page 184 and 185: 171 2,4,6,2',4',6'-Hexanitrodipheny
Page 186 and 187: 173 Hexanitrooxanilide energy of fo
Page 188 and 189: 175 Hexogen heat of explosion calcu
Page 190 and 191: 177 Hot Storage Tests Specification
Page 192 and 193: 179 Hybrids criterion of the propel
Page 194 and 195: 181 Hygroscopicity melting point: s
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183 Illuminant Composition Igniter
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185 Impact Sensitivity each case. T
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187 Impact Sensitivity Table 18. Im
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189 To Inflame Table 20. High criti
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191 Ion Propellants Non-brisant, i.
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193 Lambrit impact sensitivity: 1.5
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195 Lead Azide energy of formation:
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197 Lead Block Test 25 mm in height
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199 Lead Nitrate Lead Ethylhexanoat
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201 Leading Lines heat of explosion
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203 Liquid Propellants explosive st
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205 LOVA Gun-Propellant LOVA An abb
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207 Mannitol Hexanitrate Magazine S
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209 Mercury Fulminate lightly or he
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211 Methylamine Nitrate detonation
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213 Methyl Violet Test Methylphenyl
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215 Miniaturized Detonating Cord Mi
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217 Mud Cap Motor Motor; moteur Gen
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219 Nitrocarbonitrate and the use o
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221 Nitrocellulose the following da
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223 Nitroglycerine heat of explosio
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225 Nitroglycerine cerine produced
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227 Nitroglycol Nitroglycol ethylen
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229 Nitroguanidine; Picrite molecul
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231 Nitromethane detonation velocit
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233 Nitrostarch (H2O liq.): 1266 kc
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235 Nitrourea energy of formation:
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237 Octogen Nozzle Düse; tuyère M
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239 Oxidizer The compound is formed
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241 Parallel Connection The most fa
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243 Pentaerythritol Trinitrate Inje
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245 Permissibles; Permitted Explosi
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251 PETN vapor pressure: Pressure T
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253 Picratol Picramic Acid Dinitroa
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255 Plate Dent Test acid is prepare
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257 Poly-3,3-bis-(azidomethyl)-oxet
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259 Polyvinyl Nitrate PPG serves as
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261 Potassium Perchlorate It is use
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263 Prequalification Test Powder Fo
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265 Progressive Burning Powder Prim
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267 Propyleneglycol Dinitrate Prope
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269 Quick-Match Pyrophoric Material
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271 RID Relay An explosive train co
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273 Rocket Test Stand Rifle Bullet
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275 Sand Test The black powder cont
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277 Seismo-Gelit Screw extruders we
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279 Sensitivity 360 mm wide by 2 mm
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281 Shaped Charges ner can pierce s
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283 Silver Azide Shot Firer Sprengm
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285 SINCO ® Ignition booster and g
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287 Slurrit Skid Test This test is
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289 Solid Propellant Rockets The sa
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291 Specific Energy grain (Bernoull
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293 Squib Hc: enthalpy of the react
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295 Stabilizers Stabilizers Stabili
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297 Strength relevant parameter is
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299 Strength Fig. 22. Specific ener
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301 Surface Treatment Styphnic acid
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303 Tacot Fig. 24. Test results. Sy
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305 Tetramethylammonium Nitrate ing
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307 Tetranitrocarbazole 2,3,4,6-Tet
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309 Tetranitronaphthalene Tetranitr
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311 Tetryl Tetryl trinitro-2,4,6-ph
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313 Thermodynamic Calculation of De
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Table 34. Enthalpy and energy of fo
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337 TNT heat of explosion (H2O gas)
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339 Tracers Table 40. Data of the n
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341 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobe
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343 Triethyleneglycol Dinitrate thu
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345 Trimethyleneglycol Dinitrate Tr
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347 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine oxygen
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349 Trinitrobenzoic Acid lead block
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351 2,4,6-Trinitrocresol Pressure T
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353 Trinitrophenoxethyl nitrate Tri
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355 Trinitropyridine-N-oxide It is
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357 Underwater Detonations Trixogen
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359 Upsetting Tests From the observ
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361 U-Zünder Urea Nitrate Harnstof
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363 Volume of Explosion Gases Vibro
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365 Water Stemming cut off at one e
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367 Zinc Peroxide X-Ray Flash By us
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369 Literature Roth, J.F.: Sprengst
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371 Literature Gustafson, R.: Swedi
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373 Literature Wiech, R.E. und Stra
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375 Literature Zeldovich, J.B. und
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377 Literature Goad, K.J.W. und Arc
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379 Literature Los Alamos Shock Wav
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381 Literature Mining and Minerals
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383 Literature 5. Joint Internation
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Index aluminum powder 11; 12; 215;
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Index billet 33 binder 34 binary ex
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Index Cellulosenitrat W nitrocellul
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Index danger d’explosion en masse
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Index Dinol = diazodinitrophenol (g
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Index essai au bloc de plomb = lead
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Index fracture, épreuve de 139 fra
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Index HC = mixture of hexachloroeth
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Index IME = Institute of Makers of
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Index Lebhaftigkeitsfaktor = vivaci
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Index MNM = mononitromethane 231 M.
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Index Normalgasvolumen = Normalvolu
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Index plane wave generators = charg
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Index raté = misfire 216 RATO = ro
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Index SFF = EFP 281 S.G.P. = denomi
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Index TDI = toluene diisocyanate 33
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Index TPEON = tripentaerythroloctan
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Index W W I; W II; W III = permitte
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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