R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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197 Lead Block Test 25 mm in height, with a coaxial cavity 7 mm in diameter and 20 mm long for the blasting cap), whereby the resulting density should be only slightly higher than the pour (bulk) density. Liquids are filled into thinwalled cylindrical glass ampoules or, in special cases, directly into the cavity of the lead block. The initiation is effected with an electric copper blasting cap No. 8 containing 0.4 g of high pressed (380 kp/cm2 ) and 0.2 g of low pressed W PETN as the secondary charge and 0.3 g of lead azide as the initiating charge. Table 21. Lead block excavation values. A. Homogeneous Explosives Explosive Test Value cm 3 /10 g Explosive Test Value cm 3 /10 g nitroglycol 610 picric acid 315 methylnitrate 600 trinitroaniline 311 nitroglycerine 530 TNT 300 PETN 520 urea nitrate 272 RDX 483 dinitrophenol 243 nitromethane 458 dinitrobenzene 242 ethylnitrate 422 DNT 240 Tetryl 410 guanidine nitrate 240 nitrocellulose ammonium 13.4 % N 373 perchlorate 194 ethylenediamine ammonium nitrate 178 dinitrate 350 B. Industrial Explosives Explosive Density g/cm 3 blasting gelatin 1.55 600 guhr dynamite 1.35 412 Gelignite 65 % nitroglycerine 1.53 430 ammonium-nitratebased gelatins, 40 % nitroglycerine 1.47 430 powder-form ammonium- 1.0 370 nitrate-based explosives ANFO 0.9 316 gelatinous permitted explosive 1.69 130 ion-exchanged permitted explosive 1.25 85 Test Value cm 3 /10 g
Lead Dioxide The empty space above the test sample is filled with dried, screened quartz sand (grain size 0.5 mm), as in the original method. The volume of the excavation is determined by filling it with water; after 61 ml have been deducted from the result, the net bulge corresponding to the weight of the compressed sample is obtained. In accordance with the international convention, this magnitude is recalculated to a 10-g sample. The European Commission for the Standardization of Testing of Explosive Materials*) recalculated the results for a 10-ml test sample, using a calibration curve established by Kurbalinga and Kondrikov, as modified by Ahrens; the reported value refers to the mixture of PETN with potassium chloride which gives the same result as the test sample under identical experimental conditions. Since this regulation is still recent, the values given in the following table, as well as the values given under the appropriate headings of the individual explosive materials, are still based on the older method, in which a 10-g sample is employed. Other conventional methods for the determination of the explosive strength are the ballistic mortar test and the sand test. For further details, including descriptions of other tests, W Strength. Lead Dioxide Bleidioxid; dioxide de plomb O=Pb=O dark brown powder empirical formula: PbO2 molecular weight: 239.2 energy of formation: –274.7 kcal/kg = –1149.4 kJ/kg enthalpy of formation: –277.2 kcal/kg = –1159.8 kJ/kg oxygen balance: +6.7% density: 9.38 g/cm 3 198 Lead dioxide serves as an oxidizer in primer and pyrotechnic compositions, and in crackling stars. * Now: International Study Group for the Standardization of the Methods of Testing Explosives. Secretary: Dr. Per-Anders Persson, Swedish Detonic Research Foundation, Box 32058, S 12611 Stockholm, Sweden.
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Expl
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Dr. Rudolf Meyer (†) (formerly: W
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Preface and Prof. Dr. P. Elsner, Dr
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From the preface of previous editio
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mass: kg g oz. Ib. kilogram: 1 kg =
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1 Adiabatic Abel Test This test on
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3 Airbag types of generators. Both
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5 Airbag 8 7 4 3 1 2 5 6 1. Ignitio
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7 Airbag ates and chlorates with ad
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9 Akardite III Specifications melti
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11 Ammongelit 2; 3 Aluminum Powder
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13 Ammonium Chloride Vapor pressure
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15 Ammonium Nitrate the most powerf
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17 Ammonium Perchlorate Higher dens
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19 Amorces Ammonium Picrate ammoniu
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21 Armor Plate Impact Test Aquarium
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23 Average Burning Rate front face
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25 Ballistic Bomb z(p/pmax) = p/pma
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27 Ballistic Mortar liveliness at p
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29 Barium Perchlorate Baratols Pour
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31 Bengal Fireworks An oxidizer in
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33 BICT employed, since differing v
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35 Black Powder and heat of explosi
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37 Blasting Gelatin agents are cons
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39 Booster Blasting Switch Zündsch
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41 Brisance Bridgewire Detonator Br
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43 Bullet-resistant Bulldoze Aufleg
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45 Burning Rate Burning Rate Abbran
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47 Butanetriol Trinitrate Butanedio
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49 Cap Sensitivity The following da
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51 Cap Sensitivity and initiated. N
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53 Case Bonding Table 3. Cartridge
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55 CDB Propellants Since W TNT is p
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57 Centralite III Centralite II dim
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59 Combustibility Class A, Class B
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61 Composite Propellants the chambe
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63 Confined Detonation Velocity Com
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65 Coyote Blasting Copper chromite
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67 Cutting Charges Curing Härten;
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69 Cylinder Expansion Test energy o
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71 Dangerous Goods Regulations Fig.
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73 Deflagration Point Deckmaster Tr
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75 Destruction of Explosive Materia
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77 Detonation fuses for the safe in
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79 Detonation The state variables w
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81 Detonation perature and pressure
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83 Detonation of aggregation. They
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85 Detonation 4. Sympathetic Detona
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87 Detonation Fig. 14. Gap test acc
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89 Detonation 6. Detonation Develop
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91 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene
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93 Dibutyl Phthalate at r = 1.5 g/c
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95 Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate Dieth
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97 Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical
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99 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan colorles
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101 Dinitrodioxyethyloxamide Dinitr
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103 Dinitroorthocresol molecular we
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105 Dinitrosobenzene energy of form
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107 Dinitrotoluene heat of fusion:
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109 Diphenylamine oxygen balance: -
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111 Ditching Dynamite Dipicrylurea
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113 Dynaschoc An advantage of this
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115 End of Burning Ednatol A cast e
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117 Energy of Formation; Enthalpy o
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119 Equation of State the calculati
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121 Erythritol Tetranitrate Erosion
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123 Ethylenediamine Dinitrate oxyge
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125 Ethylphenylurethane Ethyl Nitra
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127 Exothermal oxygen balance: -61.
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129 Explosive Forming and Cladding
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131 Explosives W Class A Explosives
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133 Explosives W Diethyleneglycol D
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Table 12. Requirements on Industria
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137 Firing Current combustion chamb
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139 Fragmentation Test plosives wit
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141 Friction Sensitivity Sensitiven
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143 Fumes may lead to heavy interna
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145 Gap Test Functioning Time Ignit
Page 160 and 161: 147 Gelatins; Gelatinous Explosives
Page 162 and 163: 149 Glycerol - 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Et
Page 164 and 165: 151 Glycidyl Azide Polymer lead blo
Page 166 and 167: 153 Guanidine Nitrate Guanidine Nit
Page 168 and 169: 155 Gunpowder them from influx of w
Page 170 and 171: 157 Gurney energy which these powde
Page 172 and 173: 159 Heat of Explosion usually have
Page 174 and 175: 161 Partial Heat of Explosion Compo
Page 176 and 177: 163 Heat Sensitivity In this way, r
Page 178 and 179: 165 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate oxyg
Page 180 and 181: 167 Hexanitroazobenzene energy of f
Page 182 and 183: 169 Hexanitrodiphenylaminoethyl Nit
Page 184 and 185: 171 2,4,6,2',4',6'-Hexanitrodipheny
Page 186 and 187: 173 Hexanitrooxanilide energy of fo
Page 188 and 189: 175 Hexogen heat of explosion calcu
Page 190 and 191: 177 Hot Storage Tests Specification
Page 192 and 193: 179 Hybrids criterion of the propel
Page 194 and 195: 181 Hygroscopicity melting point: s
Page 196 and 197: 183 Illuminant Composition Igniter
Page 198 and 199: 185 Impact Sensitivity each case. T
Page 200 and 201: 187 Impact Sensitivity Table 18. Im
Page 202 and 203: 189 To Inflame Table 20. High criti
Page 204 and 205: 191 Ion Propellants Non-brisant, i.
Page 206 and 207: 193 Lambrit impact sensitivity: 1.5
Page 208 and 209: 195 Lead Azide energy of formation:
Page 212 and 213: 199 Lead Nitrate Lead Ethylhexanoat
Page 214 and 215: 201 Leading Lines heat of explosion
Page 216 and 217: 203 Liquid Propellants explosive st
Page 218 and 219: 205 LOVA Gun-Propellant LOVA An abb
Page 220 and 221: 207 Mannitol Hexanitrate Magazine S
Page 222 and 223: 209 Mercury Fulminate lightly or he
Page 224 and 225: 211 Methylamine Nitrate detonation
Page 226 and 227: 213 Methyl Violet Test Methylphenyl
Page 228 and 229: 215 Miniaturized Detonating Cord Mi
Page 230 and 231: 217 Mud Cap Motor Motor; moteur Gen
Page 232 and 233: 219 Nitrocarbonitrate and the use o
Page 234 and 235: 221 Nitrocellulose the following da
Page 236 and 237: 223 Nitroglycerine heat of explosio
Page 238 and 239: 225 Nitroglycerine cerine produced
Page 240 and 241: 227 Nitroglycol Nitroglycol ethylen
Page 242 and 243: 229 Nitroguanidine; Picrite molecul
Page 244 and 245: 231 Nitromethane detonation velocit
Page 246 and 247: 233 Nitrostarch (H2O liq.): 1266 kc
Page 248 and 249: 235 Nitrourea energy of formation:
Page 250 and 251: 237 Octogen Nozzle Düse; tuyère M
Page 252 and 253: 239 Oxidizer The compound is formed
Page 254 and 255: 241 Parallel Connection The most fa
Page 256 and 257: 243 Pentaerythritol Trinitrate Inje
Page 258 and 259: 245 Permissibles; Permitted Explosi
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247 Permissibles; Permitted Explosi
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249 Permissibles; Permitted Explosi
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251 PETN vapor pressure: Pressure T
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253 Picratol Picramic Acid Dinitroa
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255 Plate Dent Test acid is prepare
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257 Poly-3,3-bis-(azidomethyl)-oxet
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259 Polyvinyl Nitrate PPG serves as
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261 Potassium Perchlorate It is use
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263 Prequalification Test Powder Fo
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265 Progressive Burning Powder Prim
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267 Propyleneglycol Dinitrate Prope
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269 Quick-Match Pyrophoric Material
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271 RID Relay An explosive train co
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273 Rocket Test Stand Rifle Bullet
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275 Sand Test The black powder cont
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277 Seismo-Gelit Screw extruders we
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279 Sensitivity 360 mm wide by 2 mm
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281 Shaped Charges ner can pierce s
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283 Silver Azide Shot Firer Sprengm
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285 SINCO ® Ignition booster and g
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287 Slurrit Skid Test This test is
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289 Solid Propellant Rockets The sa
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291 Specific Energy grain (Bernoull
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293 Squib Hc: enthalpy of the react
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295 Stabilizers Stabilizers Stabili
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297 Strength relevant parameter is
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299 Strength Fig. 22. Specific ener
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301 Surface Treatment Styphnic acid
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303 Tacot Fig. 24. Test results. Sy
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305 Tetramethylammonium Nitrate ing
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307 Tetranitrocarbazole 2,3,4,6-Tet
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309 Tetranitronaphthalene Tetranitr
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311 Tetryl Tetryl trinitro-2,4,6-ph
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313 Thermodynamic Calculation of De
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Table 34. Enthalpy and energy of fo
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337 TNT heat of explosion (H2O gas)
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339 Tracers Table 40. Data of the n
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341 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobe
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343 Triethyleneglycol Dinitrate thu
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345 Trimethyleneglycol Dinitrate Tr
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347 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine oxygen
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349 Trinitrobenzoic Acid lead block
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351 2,4,6-Trinitrocresol Pressure T
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353 Trinitrophenoxethyl nitrate Tri
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355 Trinitropyridine-N-oxide It is
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357 Underwater Detonations Trixogen
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359 Upsetting Tests From the observ
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361 U-Zünder Urea Nitrate Harnstof
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363 Volume of Explosion Gases Vibro
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365 Water Stemming cut off at one e
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367 Zinc Peroxide X-Ray Flash By us
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369 Literature Roth, J.F.: Sprengst
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371 Literature Gustafson, R.: Swedi
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373 Literature Wiech, R.E. und Stra
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375 Literature Zeldovich, J.B. und
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377 Literature Goad, K.J.W. und Arc
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379 Literature Los Alamos Shock Wav
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381 Literature Mining and Minerals
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383 Literature 5. Joint Internation
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Index aluminum powder 11; 12; 215;
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Index billet 33 binder 34 binary ex
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Index Cellulosenitrat W nitrocellul
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Index danger d’explosion en masse
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Index Dinol = diazodinitrophenol (g
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Index essai au bloc de plomb = lead
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Index fracture, épreuve de 139 fra
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Index HC = mixture of hexachloroeth
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Index IME = Institute of Makers of
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Index Lebhaftigkeitsfaktor = vivaci
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Index MNM = mononitromethane 231 M.
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Index Normalgasvolumen = Normalvolu
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Index plane wave generators = charg
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Index raté = misfire 216 RATO = ro
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Index SFF = EFP 281 S.G.P. = denomi
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Index TDI = toluene diisocyanate 33
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Index TPEON = tripentaerythroloctan
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Index W W I; W II; W III = permitte
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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