R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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225 Nitroglycerine cerine produced is ideally processed immediately to the products (e.g., explosives; double base powders). Nitroglycerine is prepared by running highly concentrated, almost anhydrous, and nearly chemically pure glycerin (dynamite glycerin) into a highly concentrated mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, with constantly efficient cooling and stirring. At the end of the reaction the nitroglycerine acid mixture is given to a separator, where the nitroglycerine separates by gravity. Following washing processes with water and an alkaline soda solution remove the diluted residual acid. Since nitroglycerine is dangerous to handle, its industrial production by continuous method has always been of the highest interest, since it is always desirable to have the smallest possible quantity of the product in any particular manufacturing stage. Accordingly, several competing methods (Schmidt, Meissner, Biazzi, KONTINITRO), have been developed, each method being characterized by a different approach to the problem of safety. The most recent procedures involve the reaction of glycerin and acid in injectors (Nitroglycerine AB). Nitroglycerine is one of the most important and most frequently used components of explosive materials; together with nitroglycol, it is the major component of gelatinous industrial explosives. In combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers, it is the principal component of powders, gun propellants and smokeless solid rocket propellants (W double base propellants). Care has to be taken for complete removal of acid residues from nitroglycerine, because they may enhance the exothermic autocatalytic decomposition process, from which severe explosions have occurred in the path. Specifications 1. Nitroglycerine as a component of explosives Nitrogen content: not less than 18.35 % Abel test at (82.2 °C) 180 °F: not less than 10 min 2. Nitroglycerine as a component of propellants nitrogen content: not less than 18.40 % moisture: not more than 0.5 % alkalinity, as Na2CO3: not more than 0.002 % acidity, as HNO3: not more than 0.002 % 3. Glycerol as a raw material smell: not offensively pungent color: clear, as pale as possible reaction to litmus: neutral inorganic impurities: none
Nitroglycerine Propellants reducing matter (ammoniacal AgNO3 test): traces only fatty acids: traces only ash content: max. 0.03 % water content: max. 0.50 % net content (oxidation value): min. 98.8 % density, d 20 4: 1.259– 1.261 g/cm 3 refractive index nD 20 : 1.4707–1.4735 acidity: not more than 0.3 ml n/10 NaOH/100 ml alkalinity: not more than 0.3 ml n/10 HCl/100 ml Nitroglycerine Propellants W Double Base Propellants and W Gunpowder. Nitroglycide glycide nitrate; Nitroglycid; nitrate de glycide 226 water-white liquid empirical formula: C3H5NO4 molecular weight: 119.1 oxygen balance: –60.5% nitrogen content: 11.76% density: 1.332 g/cm3 lead block test: 310 cm3 /10 g deflagration point: 195–200 °C = 383–390 °F impact sensitivity: 0.2 kp m = 2 N m Nitroglycide is soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, and water; it is highly volatile. This nitrate ester of glycide is prepared from dinitroglycerine by splitting off one HNO3 molecule with concentrated alkali. It is the anhydride of glycerin mononitrate. Nitroglyceride is precursor for W Polyglyn.
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Expl
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Dr. Rudolf Meyer (†) (formerly: W
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Preface and Prof. Dr. P. Elsner, Dr
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From the preface of previous editio
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mass: kg g oz. Ib. kilogram: 1 kg =
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1 Adiabatic Abel Test This test on
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3 Airbag types of generators. Both
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5 Airbag 8 7 4 3 1 2 5 6 1. Ignitio
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7 Airbag ates and chlorates with ad
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9 Akardite III Specifications melti
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11 Ammongelit 2; 3 Aluminum Powder
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13 Ammonium Chloride Vapor pressure
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15 Ammonium Nitrate the most powerf
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17 Ammonium Perchlorate Higher dens
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19 Amorces Ammonium Picrate ammoniu
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21 Armor Plate Impact Test Aquarium
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23 Average Burning Rate front face
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25 Ballistic Bomb z(p/pmax) = p/pma
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27 Ballistic Mortar liveliness at p
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29 Barium Perchlorate Baratols Pour
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31 Bengal Fireworks An oxidizer in
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33 BICT employed, since differing v
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35 Black Powder and heat of explosi
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37 Blasting Gelatin agents are cons
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39 Booster Blasting Switch Zündsch
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41 Brisance Bridgewire Detonator Br
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43 Bullet-resistant Bulldoze Aufleg
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45 Burning Rate Burning Rate Abbran
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47 Butanetriol Trinitrate Butanedio
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49 Cap Sensitivity The following da
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51 Cap Sensitivity and initiated. N
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53 Case Bonding Table 3. Cartridge
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55 CDB Propellants Since W TNT is p
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57 Centralite III Centralite II dim
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59 Combustibility Class A, Class B
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61 Composite Propellants the chambe
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63 Confined Detonation Velocity Com
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65 Coyote Blasting Copper chromite
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67 Cutting Charges Curing Härten;
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69 Cylinder Expansion Test energy o
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71 Dangerous Goods Regulations Fig.
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73 Deflagration Point Deckmaster Tr
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75 Destruction of Explosive Materia
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77 Detonation fuses for the safe in
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79 Detonation The state variables w
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81 Detonation perature and pressure
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83 Detonation of aggregation. They
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85 Detonation 4. Sympathetic Detona
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87 Detonation Fig. 14. Gap test acc
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89 Detonation 6. Detonation Develop
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91 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene
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93 Dibutyl Phthalate at r = 1.5 g/c
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95 Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate Dieth
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97 Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical
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99 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan colorles
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101 Dinitrodioxyethyloxamide Dinitr
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103 Dinitroorthocresol molecular we
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105 Dinitrosobenzene energy of form
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107 Dinitrotoluene heat of fusion:
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109 Diphenylamine oxygen balance: -
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111 Ditching Dynamite Dipicrylurea
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113 Dynaschoc An advantage of this
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115 End of Burning Ednatol A cast e
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117 Energy of Formation; Enthalpy o
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119 Equation of State the calculati
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121 Erythritol Tetranitrate Erosion
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123 Ethylenediamine Dinitrate oxyge
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125 Ethylphenylurethane Ethyl Nitra
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127 Exothermal oxygen balance: -61.
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129 Explosive Forming and Cladding
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131 Explosives W Class A Explosives
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133 Explosives W Diethyleneglycol D
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Table 12. Requirements on Industria
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137 Firing Current combustion chamb
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139 Fragmentation Test plosives wit
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141 Friction Sensitivity Sensitiven
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143 Fumes may lead to heavy interna
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145 Gap Test Functioning Time Ignit
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147 Gelatins; Gelatinous Explosives
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149 Glycerol - 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Et
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151 Glycidyl Azide Polymer lead blo
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153 Guanidine Nitrate Guanidine Nit
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155 Gunpowder them from influx of w
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157 Gurney energy which these powde
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159 Heat of Explosion usually have
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161 Partial Heat of Explosion Compo
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163 Heat Sensitivity In this way, r
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165 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate oxyg
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167 Hexanitroazobenzene energy of f
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169 Hexanitrodiphenylaminoethyl Nit
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171 2,4,6,2',4',6'-Hexanitrodipheny
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173 Hexanitrooxanilide energy of fo
Page 188 and 189: 175 Hexogen heat of explosion calcu
Page 190 and 191: 177 Hot Storage Tests Specification
Page 192 and 193: 179 Hybrids criterion of the propel
Page 194 and 195: 181 Hygroscopicity melting point: s
Page 196 and 197: 183 Illuminant Composition Igniter
Page 198 and 199: 185 Impact Sensitivity each case. T
Page 200 and 201: 187 Impact Sensitivity Table 18. Im
Page 202 and 203: 189 To Inflame Table 20. High criti
Page 204 and 205: 191 Ion Propellants Non-brisant, i.
Page 206 and 207: 193 Lambrit impact sensitivity: 1.5
Page 208 and 209: 195 Lead Azide energy of formation:
Page 210 and 211: 197 Lead Block Test 25 mm in height
Page 212 and 213: 199 Lead Nitrate Lead Ethylhexanoat
Page 214 and 215: 201 Leading Lines heat of explosion
Page 216 and 217: 203 Liquid Propellants explosive st
Page 218 and 219: 205 LOVA Gun-Propellant LOVA An abb
Page 220 and 221: 207 Mannitol Hexanitrate Magazine S
Page 222 and 223: 209 Mercury Fulminate lightly or he
Page 224 and 225: 211 Methylamine Nitrate detonation
Page 226 and 227: 213 Methyl Violet Test Methylphenyl
Page 228 and 229: 215 Miniaturized Detonating Cord Mi
Page 230 and 231: 217 Mud Cap Motor Motor; moteur Gen
Page 232 and 233: 219 Nitrocarbonitrate and the use o
Page 234 and 235: 221 Nitrocellulose the following da
Page 236 and 237: 223 Nitroglycerine heat of explosio
Page 240 and 241: 227 Nitroglycol Nitroglycol ethylen
Page 242 and 243: 229 Nitroguanidine; Picrite molecul
Page 244 and 245: 231 Nitromethane detonation velocit
Page 246 and 247: 233 Nitrostarch (H2O liq.): 1266 kc
Page 248 and 249: 235 Nitrourea energy of formation:
Page 250 and 251: 237 Octogen Nozzle Düse; tuyère M
Page 252 and 253: 239 Oxidizer The compound is formed
Page 254 and 255: 241 Parallel Connection The most fa
Page 256 and 257: 243 Pentaerythritol Trinitrate Inje
Page 258 and 259: 245 Permissibles; Permitted Explosi
Page 264 and 265: 251 PETN vapor pressure: Pressure T
Page 266 and 267: 253 Picratol Picramic Acid Dinitroa
Page 268 and 269: 255 Plate Dent Test acid is prepare
Page 270 and 271: 257 Poly-3,3-bis-(azidomethyl)-oxet
Page 272 and 273: 259 Polyvinyl Nitrate PPG serves as
Page 274 and 275: 261 Potassium Perchlorate It is use
Page 276 and 277: 263 Prequalification Test Powder Fo
Page 278 and 279: 265 Progressive Burning Powder Prim
Page 280 and 281: 267 Propyleneglycol Dinitrate Prope
Page 282 and 283: 269 Quick-Match Pyrophoric Material
Page 284 and 285: 271 RID Relay An explosive train co
Page 286 and 287: 273 Rocket Test Stand Rifle Bullet
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275 Sand Test The black powder cont
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277 Seismo-Gelit Screw extruders we
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279 Sensitivity 360 mm wide by 2 mm
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281 Shaped Charges ner can pierce s
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283 Silver Azide Shot Firer Sprengm
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285 SINCO ® Ignition booster and g
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287 Slurrit Skid Test This test is
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289 Solid Propellant Rockets The sa
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291 Specific Energy grain (Bernoull
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293 Squib Hc: enthalpy of the react
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295 Stabilizers Stabilizers Stabili
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297 Strength relevant parameter is
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299 Strength Fig. 22. Specific ener
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301 Surface Treatment Styphnic acid
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303 Tacot Fig. 24. Test results. Sy
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305 Tetramethylammonium Nitrate ing
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307 Tetranitrocarbazole 2,3,4,6-Tet
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309 Tetranitronaphthalene Tetranitr
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311 Tetryl Tetryl trinitro-2,4,6-ph
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313 Thermodynamic Calculation of De
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Table 34. Enthalpy and energy of fo
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337 TNT heat of explosion (H2O gas)
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339 Tracers Table 40. Data of the n
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341 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobe
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343 Triethyleneglycol Dinitrate thu
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345 Trimethyleneglycol Dinitrate Tr
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347 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine oxygen
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349 Trinitrobenzoic Acid lead block
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351 2,4,6-Trinitrocresol Pressure T
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353 Trinitrophenoxethyl nitrate Tri
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355 Trinitropyridine-N-oxide It is
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357 Underwater Detonations Trixogen
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359 Upsetting Tests From the observ
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361 U-Zünder Urea Nitrate Harnstof
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363 Volume of Explosion Gases Vibro
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365 Water Stemming cut off at one e
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367 Zinc Peroxide X-Ray Flash By us
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369 Literature Roth, J.F.: Sprengst
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371 Literature Gustafson, R.: Swedi
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373 Literature Wiech, R.E. und Stra
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375 Literature Zeldovich, J.B. und
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377 Literature Goad, K.J.W. und Arc
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379 Literature Los Alamos Shock Wav
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381 Literature Mining and Minerals
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383 Literature 5. Joint Internation
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Index aluminum powder 11; 12; 215;
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Index billet 33 binder 34 binary ex
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Index Cellulosenitrat W nitrocellul
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Index danger d’explosion en masse
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Index Dinol = diazodinitrophenol (g
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Index essai au bloc de plomb = lead
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Index fracture, épreuve de 139 fra
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Index HC = mixture of hexachloroeth
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Index IME = Institute of Makers of
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Index Lebhaftigkeitsfaktor = vivaci
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Index MNM = mononitromethane 231 M.
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Index Normalgasvolumen = Normalvolu
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Index plane wave generators = charg
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Index raté = misfire 216 RATO = ro
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Index SFF = EFP 281 S.G.P. = denomi
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Index TDI = toluene diisocyanate 33
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Index TPEON = tripentaerythroloctan
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Index W W I; W II; W III = permitte
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R. Meyer J. Köhler A. Homburg Explosives

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