Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

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nanoindentation, microscratching and nanowear behavior of solid surfaces and thin films [5, 36–38]. In general, adhesive wear mechanism still operates for metallic materials under light loads. Landman et al. used MD simulation and AFM to study the atomistic mechanism of contact formation between a hard nickel tip and soft gold sample [39]. Indentation of a gold surface by advancing a nickel tip resulted in the adhesion of gold atoms to the nickel tip and formation of a connective neck of atoms. Interestingly, MD simulations show that CNTs can slide and roll against each other under the application of a shear force [40, 41]. The rolling of CNTs at the atomic level on the graphite surface has been verified experimentally by Falvo et al. using AFM [42]. They reported that rolling can occur only when both the nanotube and the underlying graphite have long-range order. Thus, a nanotube has preferred orientations on the graphite surface and rolling takes place when it is in atomic scale registry with the surface. This behavior is somewhat similar to the rolling of fullerenes that act like nanoscale ball bearings and solid lubricants [43, 44]. Despite the widespread use of AFM for characterizing the nanowear of metallic materials, little work has been done on nanowear of metal-CNT composites. Up till now, there appears to be no reported work on the nanowear behavior of metal-CNT nanocomposites in the literature. Only wear properties of metal-CNT nanocomposites at macro-levels have been reported. Zhang and coworkers [Chap. 2, Ref. 28] investigated the dry friction and wear behaviors of Al-Mg/MWNT nanocomposites using a pin-on-disk test under a load of 30 N. The nanocomposites were prepared by liquid metallurgy route in which molten Al was infiltrated into CNT-Al- Mg preform under a nitrogen atmosphere. Figure 4.14 shows the variation of Brinell hardness with nanotube content for the Al-Mg/MWNT nanocomposites. The hardness of composites increases almost linearly with increasing nanotube content up to 10 vol% and then saturates with further increasing filler volume content. This leads to Figure 4.14 Brinell hardness (HB) vs carbon nanotube volume content for Al-Mg/MWNT nanocomposites. Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 2, Ref. 28]. Copyright Ó (2007) Elsevier. 4.4 Wearj121
122j 4 Mechanical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube–Metal Nanocomposites Figure 4.15 Wear rate vs carbon nanotube volume content for Al- Mg/MWNT nanocomposites at a sliding velocity of 0.1571 m/s under a load of 30 N. Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 2, Ref. 28]. Copyright Ó (2007) Elsevier. a decrease in the wear rate of nanocomposites with increasing filler content (Figure 4.15). An increase in the volume content of CNTs minimizes the direct contact between the aluminum matrix and its sliding disk counterpart. This modifies the friction due to the self lubrication of nanotubes. As a result, the friction coefficient of nanocomposites can reach a value as small as 0.105 by adding 15 vol% MWNT (Figure 4.16). In another study, they prepared Cu/MWNT nanocomposites reinforced with 4, 8, 12 and 16 vol% CNT via conventional PM mixing and sintering [45]. Figure 4.16 Friction coefficient vs carbon nanotube volume content for Al-Mg/MWNT nanocomposites under a load of 30 N. Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 2, Ref. 28]. Copyright Ó (2007) Elsevier.
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
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5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
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Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
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XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
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Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
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MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
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Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
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show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
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Since then, large efforts have been
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1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
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1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
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Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
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Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
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1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
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Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
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Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
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Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
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Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
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carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
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70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
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108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
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Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
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2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
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isostatic pressing. In certain case
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This implies the absence of effecti
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coating material, the plasma gun an
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Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
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Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
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Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
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Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
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Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
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2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
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limited improvement in ultimate ten
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Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
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Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
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Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Page 90 and 91: Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
Page 94 and 95: Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
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Page 98 and 99: Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
Page 100 and 101: composite. Materials Science and En
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172j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
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186j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
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Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
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218j 8 Conclusions development of c
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220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
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222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
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224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Cha
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226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
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228j Index l laser ablation 7 load
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