6 Fischer, H., Waindich, A. <strong>and</strong> Telle, R. (2008) Influence of preparation of ceramic SEVNB specimens on fracture toughness testing results. Dental Materials, 24, 618–622. 7 Picard, D., Lequillon, D. <strong>and</strong> Putot, C. (2006) A method to estimate the influence of the notch-root radius on the fracture toughness measurement of ceramics. Journal of the European <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society, 26, 1421–1427. 8 Nishida, T., Hanaki, Y. <strong>and</strong> Pezzotti, G. (1994) Effect of notch-root radius on the fracture toughness of a fine-grained alumina. Journal of the American <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society, 77, 606–608. 9 Hertzberg, R.W. (1989) Deformation <strong>and</strong> Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Wiley, New York. 10 Kubler, J. (1997) Fracture toughness of ceramics using the SEVNB method: Preliminary results. <strong>Ceramic</strong> Engineering <strong>and</strong> Science Proceedings, 18, 155–162. 11 Sakai, M. <strong>and</strong> Bradt, R.C. (1993) Fracture toughness testing of brittle materials. International Materials Reviews, 38, 53–78. 12 Antis, G.R., Chantikul, P., Lawn, B.R. <strong>and</strong> Marshall, D.B. (1981) A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I., Direct crack measurements. Journal of the American <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society, 64, 533–538. 13 Chantikul, P., Antis, G.R., Lawn, B.R. <strong>and</strong> Marshall, D.B. (1981) A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: II, Strength methods. Journal of the American <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society, 64, 539–543. 14 Niihara, K. (1983) Indentation fracture toughness of brittle materials for Palmqvist cracks, in Fracture Mechanics of <strong>Ceramic</strong>s, vol. 5 (eds R.C. Bradt <strong>and</strong> M. Sakai), Plenum, New York, pp. 97–105. 15 Niihara, K. (1983) A fracture mechanics analysis of indentation-induced Palmqvist cracks in ceramics. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 2, 221–223. Referencesj213 16 Miyoshi, T. (1985) A study on evaluation of KIC for structural ceramics. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series A, 51, 2489–2497. 17 Quinn, G.D. <strong>and</strong> Bradt, R.C. (2007) On the Vickers indentation fracture toughness test. Journal of the American <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society, 90, 673–680. 18 Fischer, H. <strong>and</strong> Marx, R. (2002) Fracture toughness of dental ceramics: Comparison of bending <strong>and</strong> indentation method. Dental Materials, 18, 12–19. 19 Maensiri, S., Laokul, P., Klinkaewnarong, J. <strong>and</strong> Amornkitbamrung, V. (2007) <strong>Carbon</strong>-nanofiber-reinforced alumina nanocomposites: Fabrication <strong>and</strong> mechanical properties. Materials Science <strong>and</strong> Engineering A, 447, 44–50. 20 Liu, T.X., Phang, I.Y., Shen, L. <strong>and</strong> Liu, T.X. (2004) <strong>Carbon</strong> nanotubes reinforced nylon 6 composite prepared by simple meltcompounding. Macromolecules, 37, 7214–7222. 21 Wang, X., Padture, N.P. <strong>and</strong> Tanaka, H. (2004) Contact-damage-resistant ceramic/single-wall carbon nanotubes <strong>and</strong> ceramic/graphite composites. Nature Materials, 3, 539–544. 22 Padture, N.P. <strong>and</strong> Curtin, W.A. (2008) Comment on Effect of sintering temperature on a single-wall carbon nanotube toughened alumina-based nanocomposite . Scripta Materialia, 58, 989–990. 23 Jiang, D. <strong>and</strong> Mukherjee, A.K. (2008) Response to comment on Effect of sintering temperature on single-wall carbon nanotube toughened aluminabased nanocomposite . Scripta Materialia, 58, 991–993. 24 Chen, Y., Balani, K. <strong>and</strong> Agarwal, A. (2008) Analytical model to evaluate interface characteristics of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum oxide nanocomposites. Applied Physics Letters, 92, 0119161–0119163. 25 Guo, S., Sivakumar, R. <strong>and</strong> Kagawa, Y. (2007) Multiwall carbon nanotube-SiO2 nanocomposites: Sintering, elastic
214j 7 Mechanical Properties of <strong>Carbon</strong> <strong>Nanotube</strong>–<strong>Ceramic</strong> Nanocomposites properties <strong>and</strong> fracture toughness. Advanced Engineering Materials, 9, 84–87. 26 Veprek, S. (1999) The search for novel, superhard materials. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-Vacuum Surfaces <strong>and</strong> Films, 17, 2401–2420. 27 Voevodin, A.A. <strong>and</strong> Zabinski, J.S. (2005) Nanocomposite <strong>and</strong> nanostructured tribological materials for space applications. <strong>Composites</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology, 65, 741–748. 28 Lim, D.S., You, D.H., Choi, H.J., Lim, S.H. <strong>and</strong> Jang, H. (2005) Effect of CNT distribution on tribological behavior of alumina-CNT composites. Wear, 259, 539–544. 29 An, J.W., You, H. <strong>and</strong> Lim, D.S. (2003) Tribological properties of hot-pressed alumina-CNT composites. Wear, 255, 677–681. 30 Xia, Z.H., Lou, J. <strong>and</strong> Curtin, W.A. (2008) A multiscale experiment on the tribological behavior of aligned carbon nanotube/ceramic composites. Scripta Materialia, 58, 223–226.
- Page 2 and 3:
Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
- Page 4 and 5:
Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
- Page 6 and 7:
Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
- Page 8 and 9:
5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
- Page 10:
Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
- Page 13 and 14:
XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
- Page 16 and 17:
1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
- Page 18 and 19:
Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
- Page 20 and 21:
1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
- Page 22 and 23:
MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
- Page 24 and 25:
Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
- Page 26 and 27:
1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
- Page 28 and 29:
show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
- Page 30 and 31:
Since then, large efforts have been
- Page 32 and 33:
1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
- Page 34 and 35:
1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
- Page 36 and 37:
Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
- Page 38 and 39:
Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
- Page 40 and 41:
1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
- Page 42 and 43:
Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
- Page 44 and 45:
Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
- Page 46 and 47:
Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
- Page 48 and 49:
Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
- Page 50 and 51:
carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
- Page 52 and 53:
70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
- Page 54 and 55:
108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
- Page 56 and 57:
Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
- Page 58 and 59:
2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
- Page 60 and 61:
isostatic pressing. In certain case
- Page 62 and 63:
This implies the absence of effecti
- Page 64 and 65:
coating material, the plasma gun an
- Page 66 and 67:
Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
- Page 68 and 69:
Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
- Page 70 and 71:
Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
- Page 72 and 73:
Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
- Page 74 and 75:
Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
- Page 76 and 77:
2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
- Page 78 and 79:
limited improvement in ultimate ten
- Page 80 and 81:
Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
- Page 82 and 83:
Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
- Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
- Page 86 and 87:
Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph show
- Page 88 and 89:
2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
- Page 90 and 91:
Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
- Page 92 and 93:
Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
- Page 94 and 95:
Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
- Page 96 and 97:
einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
- Page 98 and 99:
Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
- Page 100 and 101:
composite. Materials Science and En
- Page 102:
111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
- Page 105 and 106:
90j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
- Page 107 and 108:
92j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
- Page 109 and 110:
94j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
- Page 111 and 112:
96j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
- Page 113 and 114:
98j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
- Page 115 and 116:
100j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 117 and 118:
102j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 119 and 120:
104j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 121 and 122:
106j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 123 and 124:
108j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 125 and 126:
110j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 127 and 128:
112j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 129 and 130:
114j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 131 and 132:
116j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 133 and 134:
118j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 135 and 136:
120j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 137 and 138:
122j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 139 and 140:
124j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 141 and 142:
126j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 143 and 144:
128j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 145 and 146:
130j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
- Page 147 and 148:
132j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 149 and 150:
134j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 151 and 152:
136j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 153 and 154:
138j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 155 and 156:
140j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 157 and 158:
142j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 159 and 160:
144j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 161 and 162:
146j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 163 and 164:
148j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 165 and 166:
150j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 167 and 168:
152j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 169 and 170:
154j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 171 and 172:
156j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 173 and 174:
158j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 175 and 176:
160j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 177 and 178: 162j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 179 and 180: 164j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 181 and 182: 166j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 183 and 184: 168j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
- Page 185 and 186: 170j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 187 and 188: 172j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 189 and 190: 174j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 191 and 192: 176j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 193 and 194: 178j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 195 and 196: 180j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 197 and 198: 182j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 199 and 200: 184j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
- Page 201 and 202: 186j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 203 and 204: 188j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 205 and 206: 190j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 207 and 208: 192j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 209 and 210: 194j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 211 and 212: 196j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 213 and 214: 198j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 215 and 216: 200j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 217 and 218: 202j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 219 and 220: 204j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 221 and 222: 206j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 223 and 224: 208j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 225 and 226: 210j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 227: 212j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
- Page 231 and 232: Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
- Page 233 and 234: 218j 8 Conclusions development of c
- Page 235 and 236: 220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
- Page 237 and 238: 222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
- Page 239 and 240: 224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Cha
- Page 241 and 242: 226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
- Page 243: 228j Index l laser ablation 7 load