Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

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Figure 5.3 SEM micrographs of (a) Fe-Al 2O 3/4.8 wt% CNT and (b) Fe-Al 2O 3/5.7 wt% CNT composite powders. Reproduced with permission from [59]. Copyright Ó (2000) Elsevier. hot pressing at 1500 C, leading to the formation of disordered graphene sheets at grain boundary junctions (Figure 5.4(a) and (b)). Obviously, dense alumina-CNT nanocomposite cannot be achieved by hot-pressing in situ composite powders at high temperatures. The low density of the resulting nanocomposites affects their mechanical strength and fracture toughness dramatically. In another study, Peigney et al. used high-temperature extrusion to consolidate the in situ composite powders [39]. They demonstrated that the CNTs can withstand extreme shear stresses during extrusion. The densification of the extruded composite Figure 5.4 SEM images of the fracture surface of hot-pressed Fe-Al2O3/4.8 wt% CNT nanocomposite showing formation of disordered graphene sheets at grain junctions. Reproduced with permission from [59]. Copyright Ó (2000) Elsevier. 5.4 Oxide-Based Nanocompositesj139
140j 5 Carbon Nanotube–Ceramic Nanocomposites Figure 5.5 Photographs of Fe-Al 2O 3/CNT composite (a) at the beginning of the extrusion process and (b) after the extrusion is completed. Reproduced with permission from [39]. Copyright Ó (2002) Elsevier. is 90%, which is slightly higher that that of hot-pressed composite. Figure 5.5 shows a photograph of Fe-Al2O3/CNT composite extruded at 1500 C. Carbon nanotubes inhibit the grain growth of ceramic matrix and promote superplastic forming of the composite during extrusion. Moreover, CNTs tend to align preferentially along the extrusion direction (Figure 5.6(a) and (b)). In additiontotheinsitu formationof ceramic-CNTpowder mixtures,otherpotential techniques for homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in alumina matrix have been sought. The fabrication methods should allow easier dispersion of nanofillers into ceramic powders. These include aqueous colloidal processing and molecular level mixing. Aqueous colloidal processing consists of several step procedures: (i) suspension preparation, (ii) removal of the solvent phase, (iii) consolidation into desired Figure 5.6 SEM images showing the fracture surfaces of extruded (a) Fe-Al2O3/CNT and (b) FeCo-MgAl2O4/CNT nanocomposites. Note the alignment of CNTs. Reproduced with permission from [39]. Copyright Ó (2002) Elsevier.
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
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5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
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Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
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XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
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Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
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MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
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Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
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show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
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Since then, large efforts have been
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1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
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1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
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Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
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Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
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1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
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Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
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Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
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Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
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Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
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carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
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70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
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108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
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Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
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2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
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isostatic pressing. In certain case
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This implies the absence of effecti
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coating material, the plasma gun an
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Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
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Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
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Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
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Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
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Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
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2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
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limited improvement in ultimate ten
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Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
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Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
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Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph show
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2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
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Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
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Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
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einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
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Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
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composite. Materials Science and En
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111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
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190j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
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Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
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218j 8 Conclusions development of c
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220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
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222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
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224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Cha
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226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
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228j Index l laser ablation 7 load
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