Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

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Fan et al. prepared the Al2O3/0.5 wt% SWNT and Al2O3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposites using heterocoagulation [Chap. 5, Ref. 54]. The colloidally-dispersed composite and monolithic alumina powders were hot pressed at 1600 Cinan argon atmosphere under a pressure of 20 MPa for 1 h. The r.d. values of monolithic alumina, Al2O3/0.5 wt% SWNT and Al2O3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposites are 99.8%, 99.5% and 99.1%. The bending strength of Al2O3, Al2O3/0.5 wt% SWNT and Al 2O 3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposites is 356, 402 and 423 MPa, respectively. The VIF toughness of Al2O3, Al2O3/0.5 wt% SWNT and Al2O3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposites is 3.16, 5.12 and 6.40 MPa m 1/2 .Additionof1wt%SWNTimproves the fracture toughness of alumina by 103% and bending strength by 18.8%. Crack bridging and pull-out of SWNTs can be readily seen in the SEM fractographs of Al2O3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposite and is responsible for the toughening behavior of this material. It is noted that the mechanical properties of the Al2O3/0.5 wt% SWNT and Al2O3/1 wt% SWNT nanocomposites can be improved further by hot pressing the composite powders at lower temperatures. Hot pressing the nanocomposite at 1600 C leads to the degradation of SWNTs. It has been reported that that the structure of CNTs of alumina nanocomposites can be preserved by employing lower sinter temperatures up to 1250 C only. Above this temperature, CNTs convert to graphite and carbon nano-onion structures [Chap. 5, Ref. 53, Chap. 5, Ref. 59]. Sun et al. investigated the effect of hot-pressing temperatures on the bending strength and fracture toughness of Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT nanocomposite [Chap. 5, Ref. 52]. The nanocomposite was prepared by the heterocoagulation route and hot pressing. The later mechanical treatment was carried out at 1350–1500 Cin an argon atmosphere under 30 MPa for 1 h. Figures 7.4 and 7.5 show SEM Figure 7.4 (a) Low and (b) high magnification SEM micrographs showing the fracture surface of Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT nanocomposite sintered at 1500 C. Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 5, Ref. 52]. Copyright Ó (2005) Elsevier. 7.3 Oxide-Based Nanocompositesj191
192j 7 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube–Ceramic Nanocomposites Figure 7.5 (a) Low and (b) high magnification SEM micrographs showing the fracture surface of Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT nanocomposite sintered at 1450 C. Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 5, Ref. 52]. Copyright Ó (2005) Elsevier. fractographs of the Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT nanocomposite sintered at 1500 C and 1450 C, respectively. More pores (indicated by arrows) and fewer MWNTs are found in the nanocomposite sintered at 1500 C. The r.d. of this nanocomposite sintered at 1500 and 1450 C is 97.9 and 98.7%, respectively. The mechanical properties of this composite hot pressed at different temperatures are summarized in Table 7.2. Hot pressing at 1500 C results in lowest VIF toughness (2.2 MPa m 1/2 ) and bending stress (200 MPa). The lower r.d. and fewer MWNTs for the specimen Table 7.2 Room temperature fracture toughness and bending strength of monolithic alumina and Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT. Sintering temperature ( C) Fracture toughness (MPa m 1/2 ) Bending strength (MPa) Al2O3/1 wt% MWNT 1350 4.0 0.50 536 44 1400 3.7 0.41 550 32 1450 3.9 0.59 554 64 1500 2.2 0.15 200 49 Al2O3 1300 3.7 0.93 496 64 1350 3 0.28 383 97 1400 3.7 0.45 460 73 1450 3.9 0.50 388 29 1500 3.7 0.34 371 16 Reproduced with permission from [Chap. 5, Ref. 52]. Copyright Ó (2005) Elsevier.
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
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5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
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Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
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XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
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Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
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MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
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Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
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show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
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Since then, large efforts have been
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1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
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1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
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Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
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Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
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1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
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Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
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Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
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Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
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Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
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carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
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70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
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108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
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Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
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2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
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isostatic pressing. In certain case
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This implies the absence of effecti
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coating material, the plasma gun an
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Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
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Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
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Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
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Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
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Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
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2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
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limited improvement in ultimate ten
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Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
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Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
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Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph show
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2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
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Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
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Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
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einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
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Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
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composite. Materials Science and En
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111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
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90j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
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100j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
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102j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
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104j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
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132j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
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