Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

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Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph showing Cu matrix, MWNT-Cu interface and nanotube of Cu/10 vol% MWNT nanocomposite; (b) EDX spectra of Cu matrix, MWNT-Cu interface and nanotube; (c) FTIR spectra of CuO/10 vol% MWNT and Cu/10 vol% MWNT composite powders. Reproduced with permission from [89]. Copyright Ó (2008) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. copper sulfate and glucose. The gelatine with amine groups wraps the MWNTs owing to the electrostatic attraction. Moreover, the gelatin tends to attract Cu 2 þ ions, forming a copper complex that reacts with hydroxyl in the presence of glucose. At this stage, Cu 2 þ is reduced to Cu þ and small CuO particles nucleate on the surface of MWNTs. Final reduction in hydrogen atmosphere yields Cu/MWNTnanocomposite powders. 2.7.4 Electrodeposition 2.7 Copper-Based Nanocompositesj71 Among various processing techniques for making metal-matrix nanocomposites, electrodeposition has advantages for forming dense composite materials. These include low cost, ease of operation, versatility and high yield. Both direct current (d.c.)
72j 2 Carbon Nanotube–Metal Nanocomposites and pulse deposition (plating) have been used extensively for the electrodeposition of metals/alloys. Pulse plating offers more uniform deposition of coating than the d.c. method. Several parameters such as peak current density, frequency and duty cycle affect the adsorption and desorption of chemical species in the electrolyte. The electrodeposition parameters can be tailored to produce deposits of desired grain size, microstructure and chemistry. Therefore, electrodeposition has emerged as an economically viable process to produce pore-free nanostructured metals and nanocomposites in the form of coatings and thick plates [91–96]. Nanocrystalline coatings can be deposited on the cathode electrode surface by properly monitoring the electrodeposition conditions such as bath composition, temperature, pH, additive agent and deposition time. Very recently, Chai et al. prepared Cu/MWNT nanocomposite by means of direct current electrochemical co-deposition technique [97]. The MWNTs were suspended in the copper plating solution initially. Both nanotubes and copper ions were driven towards the cathode and deposited onto the cathode simultaneously during the deposition. Homogenous dispersion of MWNTs in copper matrix was observed. As CNTs have poor compatibility with copper, special surface treatments are needed to modify the surfaces of CNTs to enhance interfacial interaction. Lim et al. used electrodeless plating to deposit a nickel layer on the surface of SWNTs fabricated by a HiPCo method [98]. They reported that the interfacial bonding was significantly improved after coating the nanotubes with a layer of nickel by eletrodeless plating. The coated nanotubes were then blended with copper powders by means of mechanical mixing process to form the Cu/SWNT nanocomposites. 2.7.5 Patent Process Copper-based nanocomposites filled with low loading levels of CNTs having excellent thermal conductivity are potential composite materials for thermal management applications in electronic industries. As mentioned above, substantial progress has been made in worldwide research laboratories in the development, processing and characterization of Cu/CNT nanocomposites. Very recently, Hong et al. have invented a technical process for possible commercialization of Cu/MWNT nanocomposite powders [99]. Their invention discloses a process of producing a metal nanocomposite powder homogeneously reinforced with CNTs. The invention consists of an initial dispersion of MWNTs in a predetermined dispersing solvent such as ethanol under sonication followed by the copper salt (Cu(CH3COO)2) addition. The resulting dispersion solution is again subjected to sonication for 2 h to ensure even dispersion of the CNT and copper molecules in the solution and to induce the chemical bond between molecules of the CNT and copper. This mixed solution is finally heated at 80–100 C to vaporize water, and calcined at 350 C to form stable CuO/MWNT powders. Such composite powders are reduced at 200 C under a hydrogen gas atmosphere to form the Cu/MWNT powders.
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
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5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
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Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
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XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
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Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
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MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
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Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
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show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
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Since then, large efforts have been
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1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
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1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
Page 36 and 37: Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
Page 38 and 39: Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
Page 40 and 41: 1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
Page 42 and 43: Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
Page 44 and 45: Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
Page 46 and 47: Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
Page 48 and 49: Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
Page 50 and 51: carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
Page 52 and 53: 70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
Page 54 and 55: 108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
Page 56 and 57: Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
Page 58 and 59: 2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
Page 60 and 61: isostatic pressing. In certain case
Page 62 and 63: This implies the absence of effecti
Page 64 and 65: coating material, the plasma gun an
Page 66 and 67: Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
Page 68 and 69: Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
Page 74 and 75: Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
Page 76 and 77: 2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
Page 78 and 79: limited improvement in ultimate ten
Page 80 and 81: Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
Page 82 and 83: Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
Page 88 and 89: 2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
Page 90 and 91: Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
Page 94 and 95: Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
Page 96 and 97: einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
Page 98 and 99: Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
Page 100 and 101: composite. Materials Science and En
Page 102: 111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
Page 105 and 106: 90j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
Page 115 and 116: 100j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
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122j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
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132j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
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170j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
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186j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
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Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
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218j 8 Conclusions development of c
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220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
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222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
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224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Cha
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226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
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228j Index l laser ablation 7 load
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