Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 8.5 Tissue responses of (1) HA/MWNT and (b) ZrO2/HA composite specimens after implantation into muscle of rats for three days.Reproduced with permission from [33]. Copyright Ó (2007) Elsevier. HA/MWNTnanocomposite exhibits better biocompatibility than ZrO2/HA composite. The outcome of in vivo experiment for HA/MWNT nanocomposite is similar to that of SiC/MWNT nanocomposites [9]. More studies are needed in near future to improve the fabrication process, mechanical property and biocompatibility of HA/MWNT nanocomposites for biomedical applications. 8.3 Potential Applications of CNT–Metal Nanocomposites 8.3 Potential Applications of CNT–Metal Nanocompositesj223 Conventional metal-matrix composites reinforced with ceramic materials and carbon fibers found extensive structural applications in aerospace, automotive and transportation industries. The incorporation of ceramic reinforcements and carbon fibers into metal matrices increases the tensile strength and stiffness but degrades the ductility markedly. Toughness is a key factor that influences the performance of metal-matrix composites for various engineering applications. Carbon fibers produced from PAN precursor have reached their performance limit. Carbon nanotubes with superior flexibility can overcome the inherent problems of ceramic fillers and carbon fibers. Thus, multifunctional composites with improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties can be prepared by adding low level content of nanotubes. Such nanocomposites are considered to be an important new class of structural materials for the mechanical components of microelectromechanical systems such as high-frequency micromechanical resonator devices [42]. The main obstacles for commercialization of CNT-reinforced metals are the high cost of CNTs and agglomeration of fillers in metal matrices. There will certainly be more effective applications of light-weight CNT-reinforced metals as structural and functional materials in the foreseeable future through novel improvement in processing techniques and cost reduction.
224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Chang, S., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W. and Ajayan, P.M. (2002) Ceramic nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes for enhanced mechanical behavior. US Patent 6420293. 2 Zhan, G., Mukherjee, A.K., Kuntz, J.D. and Wan, J. (2005) Nanocrystalline ceramic materials reinforced with singlewall carbon nanotubes. US Patent 6858173. 3 Mamoru, O. and Toshiyuki, H. (2006) Composite material composed of carbon nanotube and hydroxyapatite, and method for producing the same. Japan Patent JP2006282489. 4 Barrera, E.V., Yowell, L.L., Mayeaux, B.M., Corral, E.L. and Cesarano, J. (2007) Fabrication of reinforced composite material comprising carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and vapor-grown carbon fibers for thermal barrier materials, structural ceramics, and multifunctional nanocomposite ceramics. US Patent 7306828. 5 Stevens, M.M. and George, J.H. (2005) Exploring and engineering the cell surface interface. Science, 310, 1135–1138. 6 Christenson, E.M., Anseth, K.S., van den Beucken, J.J., Chan, C.K., Ercan, B., Jansen, J.A., Laurencin, C.T., Li, W.J., Murugan, R., Nair, L.S., Ramakrishna, S., Tuan, R.S., Webster, T.J. and Mikos, A.G. (2007) Nanobiomaterial applications in orthopedics. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 25, 11–22. 7 Driessens, F.C.M. (1983) Bioceramics of Calcium Phosphates, CRC Press, pp. 1–32. 8 Harrison, B.S. and Atala, A. (2007) Carbon nanotube applications for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 28, 344–353. 9 Wang, W., Watari, F., Omori, M., Liao, S., Zhu, Y., Yokoyama, A., Uo, M., Kimura, H. and Ohkubo, A. (2007) Mechanical properties and biological behavior of carbon nanotube/polycarbosilane composites for implant materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 82, 223–230. 10 Palicka, R.J. and Negrych, J.A. (1989) Method of manufacturing boron carbide armor tiles. US Patent 4824624. 11 Sun, L., Berndt, C.C. and Grey, C.P. (2003) Phase, structural and microstructural investigations of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings. Materials Science and Engineering A, 360, 70–84. 12 Cheang, P. and Khor, P. (1996) Addressing problems associated with plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite coatings. Biomaterials, 17, 537–544. 13 Bauer, T.W., Geesink, R.C., Zimmerman, R. and McMahon, J.T. (1991) Hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stems. Histological analysis of components retrieved at autopsy. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 73, 1439–1452. 14 Kueh, S.W., Khor, K.A. and Cheang, P. (2002) An in vitro investigation of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings produced with flamespheroidized feedstock. Biomaterials, 23, 775–785. 15 Slosarczyk, A. and Bialoskorski, J. (1998) Hardness and fracture toughness of dense calcium-phosphate-based materials. Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Medicine, 9, 103–108. 16 Suchanek, W. and Yoshimura, M. (1998) Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. Journal of Materials Research, 13, 94–117. 17 Gu, Y.W., Loh, N.H., Khor, K.A., Tor, S.B. and Cheang, P. (2002) Spark plasma sintering of hydroxyapatite powders. Biomaterials, 23, 37–43. 18 Norton, J., Malik, K.R., Darr, J.A. and Rehman, I, (2006) Recent developments in processing and surface modification of hydroxyapatite. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105, 113–139.
Page 2 and 3:
Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
Page 4 and 5:
Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
Page 8 and 9:
5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
Page 10:
Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
Page 13 and 14:
XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
Page 16 and 17:
1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
Page 18 and 19:
Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
Page 20 and 21:
1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
Page 22 and 23:
MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
Page 26 and 27:
1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
Page 28 and 29:
show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
Page 30 and 31:
Since then, large efforts have been
Page 32 and 33:
1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
Page 34 and 35:
1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
Page 36 and 37:
Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
Page 38 and 39:
Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
Page 40 and 41:
1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
Page 42 and 43:
Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
Page 44 and 45:
Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
Page 46 and 47:
Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
Page 48 and 49:
Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
Page 50 and 51:
carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
Page 52 and 53:
70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
Page 54 and 55:
108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
Page 56 and 57:
Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
Page 58 and 59:
2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
Page 60 and 61:
isostatic pressing. In certain case
Page 62 and 63:
This implies the absence of effecti
Page 64 and 65:
coating material, the plasma gun an
Page 66 and 67:
Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
Page 76 and 77:
2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
Page 78 and 79:
limited improvement in ultimate ten
Page 80 and 81:
Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph show
Page 88 and 89:
2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
Page 90 and 91:
Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
Page 94 and 95:
Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
Page 96 and 97:
einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
Page 98 and 99:
Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
Page 100 and 101:
composite. Materials Science and En
Page 102:
111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
Page 105 and 106:
90j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
100j 3 Physical Properties of Carbo
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
104j 4 Mechanical Characteristics o
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
132j 5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nano
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188: 172j 6 Physical Properties of Carbo
Page 201 and 202: 186j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
Page 231 and 232: Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
Page 233 and 234: 218j 8 Conclusions development of c
Page 235 and 236: 220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
Page 237: 222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
Page 241 and 242: 226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
Page 243: 228j Index l laser ablation 7 load
show all

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?