Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites: Metal and Ceramic ...

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Figure 5.16 Schematic illustrations showing powder treatment for alumina nanopowders with CNT addition and dispersion. Reproduced with permission from [77]. Copyright Ó (2008) Elsevier. 5.4 Oxide-Based Nanocompositesj149 The microstructure of plasma-sprayed alumina/MWNT nanocomposite coatings depends mainly on the powder pretreatment conditions (e.g. nanofiller content, filler dispersion) and plasma spray parameters. These in turn relate to the thermal property and kinetic velocity of plasma sprayed powders. The high thermal conductivity of MWNTs changes the heat transfer characteristic during the splat formation. The microstructure of the nanocomposite coatings consists of a fully melted zone (FM), a partially melted (PM) or solid-state sintering zone, and porosity. During plasma spraying, A4C-B spray-dried powder is superheated as a result of the high density of CNTs on the surface. Therefore, a high surface temperature of 2898 K is attained, facilitating formation of a large fraction of fully molten and re-solidified structure in the coating. For the A4C-SD spray-dried powder, CNTs are distributed uniformly both on the surface and inside powder particles (Figure 5.17(b)). This leads to reductions in both thermal exposure (2332 K) and superheating temperature (DT ¼ 566 K). From the temperature and velocity profiles of in-flight particles exiting from the plasma gun, Agarwal s group developed a process map for plasma spraying of alumina/MWNT nanocomposite coatings (Figure 5.18). This map provides a processing control tool for plasma spraying of nanocomposite coatings [77]. 5.4.1.4 Template Synthesis Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane having regularly arrayed nanochannels of uniform length and diameter is an ideal template to synthesize aligned CNTs via chemical vapor deposition [78–82]. AAO templates can be prepared by anodizing
150j 5 Carbon Nanotube–Ceramic Nanocomposites Figure 5.17 (a) Agglomeration of CNTs in A4C-B; dispersion of CNTs in (b) A4C-SD and (c) A8C-SD powder surfaces. Reproduced with permission from [77]. Copyright Ó (2008) Elsevier. aluminum in various acid solutions. The density, diameter and length of pores can be controlled by varying anodizing conditions such as temperature, electrolyte, applied voltage, anodizing time, and so on. Furthermore, a multi-step anodizing process is recognized as an effective route for creating an amorphous alumina coating with widened pores (Figure 5.19(a) and (b)). 5.4.2 Silica Matrix Silica-based ceramics are attractive materials for use in optical devices but their brittleness limits their applications. The incorporation of CNTs into silica can improve its mechanical performance markedly. Since CNTs have unique linear and nonlinear optical properties [83], silica-CNT nanocomposites show promise for photonic applications including optical switching, optical waveguides, optical limiting devices and so on [84, 85]. The nanocomposites also exhibit excellent low dielectric constant and electromagnetic shielding characteristics [86]. Silica-CNT nanocomposites can be produced by direct powder mixing [87], sol-gel [84–86, 88–92] and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) [93] processes. Among them, sol-gel is often used to make silica-CNT nanocomposites with better dispersion of CNTs in silica.
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Sie Chin Tjong Carbon Nanotube Rein
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Contents Preface IX List of Abbrevi
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5 Carbon Nanotube-Ceramic Nanocompo
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Preface Carbon nanotubes are nanost
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XII List of Abbreviations HIP hot i
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background Compo
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Figure 1.2 Transmission electron mi
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes 1
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MWNTs can be as high as 70% of the
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Figure 1.7 In situ TEM images recor
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1.3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubesj1
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show TEM images of MWNTs synthesize
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Since then, large efforts have been
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1.3.4 Patent Processes Carbon nanot
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1.4 Purification of Carbon Nanotube
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Table 1.3 Patent processes for the
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Figure 1.13 Schematic illustration
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1.5 Mechanical Properties of Carbon
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Figure 1.14 Carbon nanotubes in hig
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Figure 1.15 In situ tensile deforma
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Table 1.7 Theoretical and experimen
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Nomenclature ~a 1 , ~a 2 Unit vecto
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carbon nanotubes. Physical Review L
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70 Jang, I., Uh, H.S., Cho, H.J., L
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108 Shelimov, K.B., Esenaliev, R.O.
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Bonnamy, S., Beguin, F., Burnham, N
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2 Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanocomposi
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isostatic pressing. In certain case
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This implies the absence of effecti
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coating material, the plasma gun an
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Table 2.4 Changes in the size and v
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Figure 2.6 (a) Low and (b) high mag
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Figure 2.8 SEM micrographs showing
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Figure 2.11 Bright field TEM microg
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Figure 2.13 TEM image of bulk Al/5
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2.5 Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites
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limited improvement in ultimate ten
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Figure 2.18 SEM micrographs of the
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Figure 2.19 (a) Low and (b) high ma
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Figure 2.22 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.25 (a) TEM micrograph show
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2.8 Transition Metal-Based Nanocomp
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Figure 2.27 TEM image of electrodep
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Figure 2.29 SEM micrographs of (a)
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Figure 2.31 Schematic representatio
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einforcement content SiCp/Al compos
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Materials Science Forum, 534-536 (P
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composite. Materials Science and En
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111 Cha, S.I., Kim, K.T., Arshad, S
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90j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
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Page 113 and 114: 98j 3 Physical Properties of Carbon
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Page 201 and 202: 186j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
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200j 7 Mechanical Properties of Car
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Table 8.1 Patent processes for maki
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218j 8 Conclusions development of c
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220j 8 Conclusions Figure 8.2 TEM m
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222j 8 Conclusions increase in Vick
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224j 8 Conclusions References 1 Cha
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226j 8 Conclusions nano-matrix. Scr
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228j Index l laser ablation 7 load
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