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Soporte_Pediatrico_para_el_paciente_Oncologico_Febrero_2013

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Capítulo 7<br />

Tabla 5. Combinaciones de múltiples agentes quimioterápicos.<br />

Niv<strong>el</strong> de riesgo<br />

Alto<br />

Régimen<br />

*ciclofosfamida + etoposido<br />

*cytarabina 150-200 mg/m 2 + daunorubicina<br />

*cytarabina 300 mg/m 2 + etoposido<br />

*cytarabina 300 mg/m 2 + teniposido<br />

*doxorubicina + ifosfamida<br />

*doxorubicina + methotrexato 5 g/m 2<br />

*etoposido + ifosfamida<br />

Fuente: tomado de POGO Antineoplastic-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Guid<strong>el</strong>ine Dev<strong>el</strong>opment Pan<strong>el</strong>. Guid<strong>el</strong>ine for classification of the acute emetogenic<br />

potential of antineoplastic medication in pediatric cancer patients. Toronto (ON): Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (POGO); 2010 Aug 11.<br />

Tabla 6. Recomendaciones de antieméticos por categorías de riesgo emético<br />

Categoría de riesgo emético<br />

Riesgo alto (90%)<br />

Riesgo moderado (30–90%)<br />

Riesgo bajo (10–30%)<br />

Riesgo mínimo (10%)<br />

La prequimioterapia recomendada incluye una combinación de dos medicamentos:<br />

antagonista d<strong>el</strong> receptor de 5-HT 3<br />

, dexametasona.<br />

Para los <strong>paciente</strong>s que reciben cisplatino y todos los otros medicamentos de riesgo emético<br />

alto, se recomienda la dexametasona <strong>para</strong> prevenir la emesis diferida.<br />

Para <strong>paciente</strong>s que reciben otros tipos de quimioterapia de riesgo emético moderado, se<br />

recomienda prequimioterapia con la combinación de dos fármacos de un antagonista d<strong>el</strong> receptor<br />

de 5-HT 3<br />

y dexametasona; <strong>para</strong> prevenir la emesis diferida se recomienda un régimen<br />

con un solo fármaco: dexametasona oun antagonista d<strong>el</strong> receptor de 5-HT 3<br />

los días 2 y 4.<br />

Se recomienda dexametasona y/o un antagonista dopaminérgico; no se recomienda <strong>el</strong> uso<br />

preventivo de antieméticos <strong>para</strong> la emesis diferida.<br />

No se administran antieméticos en forma rutinaria ni antes ni después de la quimioterapia.<br />

Fuente: <strong>el</strong>aboración propia<br />

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS<br />

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Hesketh PJ. Chemotherapy-Induced náusea and vomiting. N Engl J<br />

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cancer chemotherapy: drug management in theory and in practice.<br />

Arch Dis Child 2004;89(9):877-80.<br />

3<br />

Feeney K, Cain M, Nowak AK. Chemotherapy induced náusea<br />

and vomiting. Prevention and treatment. Aust Fam Physician. 2007<br />

Sep;36(9):702-6.<br />

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Hesketh PJ, Grunberg SM et al The oral neurikinin-1 antagonist<br />

Aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea<br />

and vomiting: A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled<br />

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MASCC-ESMO Antiemetic guid<strong>el</strong>ine 2011 MASCC Antiemetic<br />

Study Group<br />

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Roila F, Herrstedt J et al. Guid<strong>el</strong>ine update for MASCC and ESMO<br />

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Oncology 2010;21 Supplt 5: v232 – 43.<br />

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Kris MG, Hesketh PJ, Somerfi<strong>el</strong>d MR, Feyer P, Clark-snow R,<br />

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Hesketh PJ. Defining the emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy<br />

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Antineoplastic-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Guid<strong>el</strong>ine<br />

Dev<strong>el</strong>opment Pan<strong>el</strong>. Guid<strong>el</strong>ine for classification of the acute<br />

emetogenic potential of antineoplastic medication in pediatric<br />

cancer patients. Toronto (ON): Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario<br />

(POGO)<br />

95

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