Desire for Greener Land

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Crop C rootation: cerea als / foddder l egumees (lupiin) Morocco M – Bernnicha (amazigh – berber langu uage) Crops C rotationn: cereals / foodder legumes (lupin), withh a biennial crop c rotation Above left: A series of two cultivation areeas on slopes, with lupin above (on n poor and stonny soil) and maize beelow (on thicke er soil) (Photo: Jamal Al Karkouri) Above right: : Detailed view w of the white luupin (Photo: Jamaal Al Karkouri) Farming is the main activity oof the Sehoul population. Inn the past, it was w based on su ubsistence culltivation and eespecially on extensive e breeeding outside the t farm. The cu ultivation practtice mostly appplied was barley monoculturee. Nowadays, crop c rotation is more m and more diversified (usse of other cere eal species andd mainly legum mes). Because of f land degradaation on foresst pasture, farm mers increasinngly use their farm land for fo odder or legumme production ssuch as oats and a lupin. Whitte lupins were introduced in th he region durinng the coloniaal era (1912-19 956), through individual initia atives with no ex xternal supportt. The advantaages of lupin cu ultivation are itss ability to grow w on poor and st tony soils andd, like other leeguminous cro ops, it does nnot need nitrogen fertilizers be ecause of its aability to fix nitrrogen from the air, which redduces the costs s. Additionally, lu upin does not require much water (a minimum of 350 mm per year is sufficient). Considering C thee importance off pastoral activ vity in the production system of the Sehoul di istrict, this tecchnology meetss the expectat tions of the poopulation as fo ollows. Firstly, th here is improveement of foddeer production. Lupin is a leguminous crop which can be ea aten by ruminnants either aas green fodd der or as graain. Secondly, there is soil Location: Seehoul im mprovement through a betterr structure, an increased soil organic matte er content and Region: Saléé province be etter nitrogen retention that can be used for f the next cuultivation. Third dly, there is a Technology area: 2 km be etter soil coveer because luppin is an inva asive plant witth efficient roo ots for finding Conservatio nu utrients, which allows its cultivation on poor r soils. Stage of inte degradation The lupin cultivvation techniqque consists of o the followinng: spreading the seed in Origin: introd October-Novem O mber, and posssibly until mid-December. Early sowing shows good years ago yields, becausee cold temperaatures cause early e blossoming. For white lupin, sowing Land use: cr de ensity is aboutt 100 kg/ha. Ploughing (20-2 25 cm deep plooughing is suff ficient) to bury Climate: sub th he seed is performed with a swing ploug gh and two muules on slopes s, and with a WOCAT data metallic m plough or a tractor onn plains. No we eeding or fertilizzation activities are required on cdewocat. be ecause of the lupin's good nnitrogen fixation n capacity. Howwever, an additional second DESIRE site or r third ploughinng can improvee the harvest, but b is often connstrained by a lack of means. his.eu/en/seh A first grazing iss allowed in March but afterw wards it is left sso that it can recover r again. Related appr Harvesting H is done manually with sickles in n August and residues are grazed again. Compiled by Seed productionn is 8-10 quintaals/ha, biomass s is 3000 kg/haa. IbnTofail, Kén Date: 21 Mar This technologyy is applied onn plateau mar rgins with steeep slopes, whe ere traditional sm mall-scale land use includees predominan ntly winter croop cultivations s (wheat and ba arley) and secoondary spring food cultivation ns (broad beanns, chickpea, maize). m On the pl lateau, bigger and better maaintained farms s perform irrigated cultivation with ground water. w The corkk oak forests are coveted as a pasture landd and firewoo od source and th herefore they are regarded as important for their freee natural fodd der resources. Pasture land (exxcept forests) ccovers a small area (12% of tthe Sehoul are ea) because of la and appropriatiion and cultivaation. Only the e collective annd the fallow la ands are now us sed as pasture lands and generally show important and alarming g degradation pr rocesses. 2 on measure: ag gronomic ervention: prevention of landd duced by colon nists, more thann 50 ropland bhumid, subtrop pics abase reference: QT MOR012e .unibe.ch/woca atQT e information: www.desire- houl-morocco roach: not doc cumented y: Al Karkouri Jamal, J Universsity nitra r 2011, updated 19 Oct 2011 SLM Technology: Crop rotation: cereals / fodder legumes (lupin), Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 97
Classification Land use problems: Decrease of productivity, continued exploitation on poor land leading to sealing and crusting, poor soils, cultivation with low ground cover, soil depletion, decrease of fertility and organic matter Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure annual cropping (rainfed) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 subhumid, subtropics Stage of intervention Origin Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation biological degradation: quantity/ biomass decline Land user's initiative: Experiments / research Externally introduced Other: introduced by colonists: > 50 years ago Growing season(s): 300 days (October to July) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: low Topsoil organic matter: low ( 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Secondary technical functions: - increase in organic matter - increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…) - promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, e.g. palatable fodder) Altitude (m a.s.l.) Landform Slope (%) > 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: l
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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