Desire for Greener Land

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Assiste A ed corkk oak re egenerration Morocco M – Takhhlif Madoum Elgghaba (arabic) ) Assisted A cork ooak regenerattion in the Seh houl forest, byy acorn seedin ng and se eedling plantaation (derived from a plant nursery), invoolving careful husbandry and protection from grazing Because of the accelerated ddegradation of the Sehoul forrest and the difficulties d with na atural regeneraation, the Morooccan State ha as planned andd adopted a policy, based on a global and inntegrated vieww. The preservation of forestts is an impor rtant topic for so ocio-economic development. . The National l Plan for Refoorestation defines the main lin nes of the natioonal reforestation strategy an nd is the frameework for the im mplementation of f this technologgy. The goal off this technolog gy is to preparee plots where acorns a should be e sown or corrk oak seedlinngs from plant t nurseries plaanted. These test t plots are gu uarded, maintained and waatered to allow w young plantss to grow. Th hus, cork oak re egeneration ennsures the coontinued existe ence and devvelopment of the forest. It co onserves soil aand water and fights against desertification. There are se everal benefits su uch as cork pproduction, woood production, fodder production and bett ter soil cover. Furthermore thiis technology positively impacts the socioo-economic de evelopment of lo ocal populationns, and servicces production (landscape, wwelfare and re ecreation) for ur rban populationns. Above left: EExample of a 10 year old forest regenerated bby assisted re-afforestation technology (PPhoto: Miloud Chaker) C Above right: Degraded cor rk oak forest laccking young trees aand with a weak cover of unpalatable hherbs (Photo: Abdellah A Laouinna) The implementaation of this tecchnology need ds the followingg activities: in general, g good Location: Se qu uality acorns aand seedlings are required. Seedlings shhould come fro om the same Region: Salé re egion where thhey are planteed and be cert tified by the aauthorities. An initial step in Technology im mplementation is the clearingg and shredding of small, wooody plants. So oil preparation Conservation co onsists of 30 cm deep plouughing to loos sen the topsoiil, and to allow w easier root Stage of inte gr rowth. Then roows of pits aree dug. Generally, it is crucial to apply corr rect plantation land degradat an nd seedling acccording to the season (win nter), to ensurre a depth of 50 cm in the Origin: devel pl lanting hole, and to water coopiously after planting p to ensuure a good con ntact between research (>50 th he soil and rooots. A fence installed to protect areas ffrom grazing is i temporarily Land use: fo re equired until the trees are robbust enough to o cope with broowsing cattle. The T enclosure Climate: sem pe eriod usually laasts a minimumm of 6 years. WOCAT data cdewocat.uni The natural conndition is semi-arid with precipitation ranginng from 350 to o 450 mm per DESIRE site ye ear. The undeerlying geologyy consists of quartzite and saandstone, covered by marl. his.eu/en/seh Soils are varied, but the main types are hydromorph and fferrous. Socially, the Sehoul Related appr fo orest is populaated by poor faarmers, strongly dependent oon forest reso ources (fodder agriculture (Q an nd firewood). The forest iss owned by the t governmeent, but managed by local Compiled by co ommunities, wwho benefit from its use (ma arketing of corkk, pharmaceut tical products, Lettres et Scie ch harcoal, etc.). The rights off free forest ex xploitation for the local pop pulation are a Date: 19 po olitical problemm which needds to be res solved in ordeer to achieve good forest management. m EEconomically, the contributio on of forestry to the GDP is s low, but its en nvironmental roole is essential. th ehoul é province area: 0.2 km Au 2 n measure: ve egetative ervention: mitigation / reduct tion loped through experiments / 0 years ago) rests / woodlan nds mi-arid, subtrop pics abase referenc ce: QT MOR13 be.ch/wocatQT T information: www.desire- w houl-morocco roach: Development of rainfe QA MOR014e) y: Miloud Chak ker, Faculté des ences Humaines, Rabat, Mo ug 2008, update ed 17 th ion of 3e on ed s rocco Aug 2011 SLM Technology: Assisted cork oak regeneration, Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 181
Classification Land use problems: Overuse is leading to no regeneration and therefore forest ageing, loss of biodiversity and degradation processes, which can ultimately lead to desertification. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure natural forest, and extensive grazing land (before) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 plantation forestry (after) semi-arid, subtropics Stage of intervention Origin Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation biological degradation: reduction of vegetation cover Land user's initiative: Experiments / research: > 50 years ago Externally introduced Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - human induced: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use Indirect causes: urban capital invested in excessive livestock, roads, unorganized tourism and leisure Main technical functions: - improvement of ground cover - increase in organic matter - increase of biomass (quantity) - promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder) Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Growing season(s): n/a Soil texture: coarse / light (sandy) Soil fertility: low Topsoil organic matter: high (>3%) Soil drainage/infiltration: medium vegetative: tree and shrub cover Level of technical knowledge Secondary technical functions: - increase of surface roughness - stabilization of soil - increase of infiltration - increase / maintain water stored in soil Agricultural advisor Land user Altitude (m a.s.l.) Landform Slope (%) > 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
Page 1 and 2:
Desire for Greener Land Options for
Page 3 and 4:
DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
Page 5 and 6:
Co-published by University of Bern,
Page 7 and 8:
Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
Page 9 and 10:
The present DESIRE publication desc
Page 11 and 12:
Contributing authors and DESIRE con
Page 13 and 14:
Desire for Greener Land - Options f
Page 15 and 16:
XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
Page 19 and 20:
In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
Page 21 and 22:
Part 1
Page 23 and 24:
8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 1: Methodological framework
Page 27 and 28:
to Russia and China (see Table 1).
Page 29 and 30:
DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2 provides a more detailed de
Page 33 and 34:
decision. This leads to solutions b
Page 35 and 36:
Aims and objectives This penultimat
Page 37 and 38:
Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
Page 39 and 40:
References: n EEA-European Environm
Page 41 and 42:
Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
Page 43 and 44:
Major land degradation types per st
Page 45 and 46:
Rate of degradation per study site
Page 47 and 48:
Production services were affected o
Page 49 and 50:
% of area under conservation measur
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
Page 53 and 54:
Conservation impact on ecosystem se
Page 55 and 56:
Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
Page 57 and 58:
Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
Page 59 and 60:
Origin of technology SLM technologi
Page 61 and 62:
Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
Page 63 and 64:
No. of case studies Land Ownership
Page 65 and 66:
No. of case studies Increased farm
Page 67 and 68:
No. of case studies Improved harves
Page 69 and 70:
No. of case studies Increased plant
Page 71 and 72:
No. of case studies No. of case stu
Page 73 and 74:
Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
Page 75 and 76:
system is focused on control rather
Page 77 and 78:
References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
Page 79 and 80:
actually implemented in the field.
Page 81 and 82:
Concerning SLM, the most widely app
Page 83 and 84:
Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
Page 85 and 86:
Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
Page 87 and 88:
2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
Page 89 and 90:
Case studies - titles and short des
Page 91 and 92:
76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
Page 93 and 94:
Classification Land use problems: T
Page 95 and 96:
Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 97 and 98:
Class sification Land d use problem
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Class sification Land use problemss
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Classification Land use problems: I
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Classification Land use problems: D
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Classification Land use problems: I
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Classification Land use problems: L
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Classification Land use problems: s
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Class sification Land use problemss
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Classification Land use problems: R
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146: Classification Land use problems: T
Page 147 and 148: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 149 and 150: Classification Land use problems: S
Page 153 and 154: Classification Land use problems: W
Page 157 and 158: Classification Land use problems: O
Page 165 and 166: Class sification Land use problemss
Page 169 and 170: Classification Land use problems: I
Page 173 and 174: Classification Land use problems: L
Page 181 and 182: Classification Land use problems: D
Page 185 and 186: Classification Land use problems: l
Page 193 and 194: Classification Land use problems: S
Page 195: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 209 and 210: Classification Land use problems: O
Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
Page 215 and 216: Impacts of the Approach Improved su
Page 223 and 224: Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
Page 233 and 234: Problems, objectives, and constrain
Page 245 and 246: Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
Page 247 and 248:
2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
Page 249 and 250:
Land recommendation Land conservati
Page 251 and 252:
Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
Page 253 and 254:
Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
Page 255 and 256:
Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
Page 257 and 258:
Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
Page 259 and 260:
Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
Page 261 and 262:
Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
Page 263 and 264:
Botswana - Boteti The main land use
Page 265 and 266:
Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
Page 267 and 268:
252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
Page 269 and 270:
Status of land degradation, sustain
Page 271 and 272:
Examples of potential SLM technolog
Page 273 and 274:
IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
Page 275 and 276:
Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
Page 277 and 278:
II Identifying, evaluating and sele
Page 279 and 280:
The results showed that the best op
Page 281 and 282:
IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Explanation pages of case studies:
Page 287 and 288:
Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
Page 289 and 290:
Explanation pages of case studies:
Page 291 and 292:
Here appears an organogram - if ava
Page 293 and 294:
Pictograms SLM technology Land use
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
show all

Desire for Greener Land

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?