Desire for Greener Land

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Above left: SStakeholders in n the field (Phooto: Zeiliguer Anaatoly.) Drip D irrrigation n Above right: : Students man naging water suupply Russian R Federaation - Капельнное орошение (Russian) and controllinng pipes of drip p irrigation systtem at experimental parcel with dri ip irrigation of tomatoes (Phhoto: Zeiliguer Anatoly.) A Drip D irrigation systems graddually apply water w into thee zone around d the stem of th he irrigated plant. Drip D irrigation exxperiments have been carrie ed out on the left bank of the e Volga River. Economic problems, regional reforms and shortage s of inveestments in municipal water su upply infrastruccture led to prooblems of wate er quality and quantity of available water for in ndustrial, agriccultural and doomestic uses. The situationn is getting worse with the ef ffects of regional climate chhange. Especia ally during summmer, the stud dy region has pr roblems with sshortage of watter not just for irrigation of aggricultural fields, or gardens, bu ut also for doomestic use. Inn such situatio ons, more efficcient water us se is required th hrough introduucing water-saving technolog gies. One of these well-known irrigation te echnologies is drip irrigation. Small quantities of water aare directly de elivered to the pl lants by a pipee system. This technology is the t most effecttive from the point of view of gr reen water usee efficiency. Correct applicat tion of drip irriggation technolo ogy drastically de ecreases wateer losses by runoff and evapo oration as well as deep perc colation to soil de epths inaccesssible to root uptake. Water ca an be provided to plants from surface water re eservoirs, wateer tanks or grouundwater wells s through a nettwork of plastic c pipes (under lo ow water presssure) and delivvered through a water drip syystem. The flow w rate can be Location: Saaratov Region ad djusted to the nneeds of the paarticular stage of plant growthh, to soil hydraulic properties Region: Marrksovsky Distric ct an nd to the prevvailing weatheer conditions. The low-presssure supply sy ystem can be Technology area: < 0.1 km m op perated using a header tankk or directly by y using a wateer pump to rais se water from Conservatioon measure: st ne earby surface water storage or a groundw water well. The aim of this tec chnology is to Stage of inteervention: miti sh how the effecctiveness of freshwater us sage in irrigatting vegetable es (tomatoes, land degradaation pe eppers) at the scale of subsiddiary plots or small s irrigation systems (seve eral ha in size) Origin: Exterrnally - recent ( in n a region with scarce water resources both as a water-ssaving measure e and an eco- Land use: crropland friendly alternattive to furrow irrigation. Owing to the relaative narrownes ss of the drip Climate: semmi-arid, temper fe eeders, they aare prone to blockages fro om organic mmatter, minera al particles or WOCAT dataabase referen di issolved compounds. To prollong the lifetim me of the drip irrrigation equipm ment, it needs cdewocat.uniibe.ch/wocatQT to o be maintainedd using prevenntive and remedial measures such as visua al inspection of DESIRE site information: pi ipes and wateer supply sourcces, filter installations as well as flushing the t tubes and his.eu/en/novvy-russia dr rip emitters to rremove deposits. Related apprroach: Living t In n general, a number of mediuum-scale farme ers are using fuurrow irrigation of vegetables on common ( (QA RUS01) as s their main agricultural acctivity. Drip-irrigation technoology was tes sted with four Compiled byy: Anatoly Zeili fa amilies and coompared to furrrow irrigation in order to ccompare water r consumption State Universsity of Environm (w water use efficiiency as rate oof yield and volume of water uused for irrigation) as well as Date: 20th Feeb 2011 updat its s impact on ssoil degradatioon and ground d-water. The wwater use effic ciency of drip 2011 irr rigation is 3 - 10 times higgher than that t of furrow irriigation, depen nding on local co onditions and qualification oof furrow irrigators. Furthermmore, this technology avoids water w loss throuugh soil surfacee evaporation, percolation to deep soil layers and ground water, w and runooff into near wwater bodies (causing pollution by chemi icals used for ag gricultural activvities at irrigateed fields like fer rtilizers and plaant protectors). . The negative im mpact of furroww irrigation on ssoil productivity y is usually veryy high due to soil s erosion. Experimentationns and demonsstration of drip irrigation weree done at two le evels. The first le evel involved laarge-scale farmms with the aim m of demonstraating the considerable gains to o be made tthrough the eefficient use of water, thrrough the development of re epresentative eexperimental pplots on fields used for furroww irrigation by y two farmers. During D the growwing season, we demonstrate ed these plots tto local farmers s as well as to fa armers from otther municipaliities and locations in the reggion. The seco ond level was de eveloped for ssmall-scale farmmers and hous seholders to demonstrate the e efficiency of water w saving in gardening. 2 (10 ha) tructural igation / reducttion of (
Classification Land use problems: Scarcity of fresh water resources, change of local seasonal climate patterns related to change in rainfall, scarcity of freshwater resources, soil salinization, disappearance of some species of flora and fauna. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure annual cropping (irrigated) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 semi-arid, temperate Stage of intervention Origin Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation water degradation: decline of surface water quality and quantity (soil and water bodies) s Land user's initiative: >50 years ago Experiments / research Externally introduced Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - human induced: disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) Indirect causes: inputs and infrastructure Main technical functions: - saving water resources Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Growing season(s): 120 days (May - Sept) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: very low Topsoil organic matter: low ( 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Page 147: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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