Desire for Greener Land

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Development of rainfed agriculture Morocco – Projet de mise en valeur des terres en Bour de Sehoul (PMVB) (French) Development of unfavourable zones by integrating all components which can enhance the production, increase incomes and provide a sustainable natural resources management Aim / objectives: The main objectives are to involve all the partners in the development of rainfed agriculture, the conservation of the natural resources, the enhancement of crop and animal agricultural production, the increase in income and improvement of farmers’ conditions of life, and a better response to the needs and protection of the production potential. A further aim is the integration of the local agriculture into the national context and the opening up to the outside world. Stages of implementation and methods: The implementation of the project goes through several phases including: The identification phase of people's needs and farming or environmental problems of the region. - Formulation of the proposed development by a committee of administrators and local stakeholders. - Feasibility study and planning of the implementation steps in technical terms. - Implementation of project components after the effective registration of the project in the Finance Act, with distribution of tree seedlings and support for the establishment of water harvesting structures for olive trees on sloping land. - Assistance of project operation and maintenance. The aim is to support farmers’ organisations benefiting from the project in order to develop their necessary skills for efficient project operation, establishment and maintenance and other issues that can ensure sustainability. - Evaluation of the completed project in order to capitalize on the experience gained during preparation and execution of the project. Role of stakeholders: - Land users: participation in the consultations made by the SLM specialists, who are responsible for monitoring the projects. - SLM specialists / agricultural advisors: implementation of the technology after consultation with the population. - Politicians / decision makers: discussion with the population - Planners: Participatory diagnosis, meetings with target population, questionnaires SLM Approach: Development of rainfed agriculture, Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Above left: 5-year old olive tree plantation with intercropping (Photo: Nadia Machouri) Above right: 12-year old olive tree plantation, which was implemented as part of the Sehoul PMVB. Production intensification and soil improvement are achieved through fruit tree plantations. (Photo: Nadia Machouri) Location: Sehoul, Salé province, Morocco Approach area: 0.4 km 2 Type of Approach: project/programme based Focus: mainly on conservation with other activities WOCAT database reference: QA MOR14e on cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQA DESIRE site information: www.desirehis.eu/en/sehoul-morocco Related technology: Planting of olive trees with intercropping (QT MOR14e) Compiled by: Rachida Nafaa Date: 29 th Jan 2009, updated 19 th Aug 2011 by Nadia Machouri 209
Problem, objectives and constraints Problems: Cereal crops only provide irregular incomes (due to the frequency of bad years) and they cause degradation on sloping land, because the ground is bare at the beginning of the rainy season. Pasture, the second activity in terms of land use, but the primary activity in terms of history and incomes, also causes land degradation. Tree crop harvesting is therefore an economic and ecological alternative. The tree plantations should therefore be implemented with SWC measures, which requires know-how that is unfortunately still lacking. The goal of the project is to overcome this lack of knowledge. Aims / Objectives: - Increase in land users’ incomes - Intensification of agricultural production (animal and crops) - Opening up of the region to form a national and worldwide perspective, and remove its marginality Constraints addressed Constraints Treatments Financial High costs for the technology implementation for a mainly poor population Social / cultural / religious Distrust of the population due to the fear of land expropriations Bearing the technology implementation costs by the project Participative approach to gain the confidence of the population Technical Lack of know-how in modern agroforestry Agricultural extension and support for users who perform this new land use Legal / land use and / water rights Act on private lands belonging to people who fear land expropriation during the project Other Extensive pastoralism based on grazing in fallow land, stubble fields and Mediterranean vegetation is reduced, what causes conflicts among inhabitants Participation and decision making Contracts between the beneficiaries and the project about the duties of each stakeholder Incentive measures for animal housing and fodder cultivation Stakeholders / target groups Approach costs met by: International (World bank, FAO) 30% Local government (Ministry of Agriculture) 70% Local community / land user(s) 0% Total 100% land users, groups SLM specialists / agricultural advisors planners politicians / decision makers teachers / school children / students Annual budget for SLM component: US$100,000- 1,000,000 Decisions on choice of the Technology (ies): mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users Decisions on method of implementing the Technology(ies): by SLM specialists alone (top-down) Approach designed by: national specialists Implementing bodies: government (at the national scale, this approach is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the 33- 94 law about PMVB), other (at the regional scale, the external services of the Ministry of Agriculture are responsible for the approach implementation) Land user involvement Phase Involvement Activities Initiation/motivation None Planning Interactive Participative assessment, meetings with the target population, questionnaires Implementation Payment/external support Monitoring/evaluation None Research None This is achieved by SLM specialists appointed by the implementing bodies of the Ministry of Agriculture Differences between participation of men and women: Only men participated in the approach. Involvement of disadvantaged groups: No 210 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: R
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Page 255 and 256: Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
Page 257 and 258: Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
Page 259 and 260: Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
Page 261 and 262: Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
Page 263 and 264: Botswana - Boteti The main land use
Page 265 and 266: Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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Page 269 and 270: Status of land degradation, sustain
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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