Desire for Greener Land

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Transp T port of ffreshw water frrom loc cal stream s s Greece G - Μεταφφορά γλυκού αππό γειτονικά αρ ρδευτικά κανάλια (Greek) Freshwater traansport from local stream ms for irrigatioon purposes, , in order to re eplace the traaditional formm of irrigation (by pumpingg saline groun ndwater from wells). w In n low-lying reggions sufferingg from overuse of the grouund water for irrigation and se eawater intrusiion, pumping ggroundwater is detrimental annd results in so oil degradation (s salinization) annd reduced plannt growth. For this reason, freeshwater is tra ansported over di istances of up to 500 m (or more) from surface streams, , for irrigation using u water of be etter quality. Inn this way, overrexploitation of f the aquifer is being reduced. The pumps trannsfer water fromm canals or st treams for irriggation purposes s. A pumping st tation (10HP), pipes (PP-R, Ø 1100mm) for r water transpoort and diesel or electricity for pu ump operationn are the majoor items neede ed to replace ggroundwater with w freshwater irr rigation. Howevver, annual maaintenance of the pump and nnetwork is nece essary. Above left: Irrigation canal that brings freshwater too arable land (P Photo: Vasileioss Diamantis) Above right: : Electric wate er pump that prrovides irrigation wateer directly from m canal (Photo: : Alexandros PPechtelidis) The majority off families livinng in the rese earch area maake their living g mostly from ag gricultural activvities but alsoo from livestoc ck. Croplands are dominantl ly irrigated by wells w (groundwater) and onlyy those which are close to streams are irrigated with Location: Prrefecture of Xanthi freshwater. Owiing to over-pumping of the aquifer a in ordeer to irrigate th he crop fields, Region: East stern Macedonia and Thrace th here has beenn seawater intrusion over th he past years. As a result, irrigation with Technology area: 9.59 km m gr roundwater ledd to saline soilss. The group affected a by thiss process comp prises farmers Conservatioon measure: m who w are now beeginning to understand the extent e of the desertification problem p in the Stage of inteervention: pre ar rea. The degraadation processs significantly affects a the quality of life of the e local people. degradation Saline soils leadd to low produuctivity and thu us to lower incoomes (causing g poverty) and Origin: expeeriments - recen th hus an increasse in social unnrest. Although h the farmers aare totally awa are of the on- Land use: crropland go oing degradation problem that affects their r fields and theeir livelihoods, they seem to Climate: semmi-arid, temper be e unwilling to cchange the waay they irrigate e their fields (wwith groundwate er) as long as WOCAT dataabase referen th hey do not haave an alternative source of f irrigation succh as freshwater from local cdewocat.uniibe.ch/wocatQT st treams. The lacck of informatioon about how the t salt-affecteed fields can be e restored also DESIRE site e information: makes m the farmers believe thaat this situation is permanent and will extend d over a wider his.eu/en/nesstos-river-delta ar rea. Related apprroach: Comba (QA GRE05) Compiled byy: John Gkioug University of Thrace, Greec Date: 28th Nov 2008 updat 2 management vention of landd nt (
Class sification Land use problemss: Soil salinizattion and sodific cation. Land use annual cropping c (full irrig gation) Stage e of interventioon Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitatioon Main causes of land degradationn: Huma an induced: distturbance of waater cycle (infiltration / runoff), , over abstracti ion / excessive e withdr rawal of water ( (for irrigation, industry, etc.) Direct t causes - Natuural: seawater iintrusion in coa astal aquifers oof the area, poo or soil drainage e Indirec ct causes: incrreased pressurre on groundwa ater for irrigatioon Main technical funcctions: - repla acing saline grooundwater withh surface freshw water - reduce pressure/ovverexploitation on aquifer Envir ronment Natural Environmennt Avera age annual rainfall Altituude (m a.s.l.) (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Soil depth d (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 Climate semi-arid, temperate Origin Land user's initiiative Experiments E / reesearch: 40000 3000-40000 2500-30000 2000-25000 1500-20000 1000-15000 500-10000 100-5000
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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