Desire for Greener Land

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Vegeta V ted earrth-ban nked teerraces s Spain - Terrazass de tierra vegetadas (Spanis sh) Earth-banked tterraces in cerreal and almond cropland ccovered with drought- d re esistant shrubbs. The technology is generally appplied on soils of shallow to mmedium depth (20 – 60 cm), an nd slopes are gentle to mooderate (5-15% %). The climatee is semi-arid with a mean an nnual rainfall aaround 300 mmm. Droughts, peaking in summmer commonly y last for more th han 4-5 months. Annual poteential evapotra anspiration ratees larger than 1000 mm are co ommon. The production syystem is highly mechanizedd and market t-oriented but de epends stronglly on agriculturral subsidies. All A cropland is pprivately-owned d. Above left: VVegetated earth-banked terraaces in an almond orrchard (Photo: Joris de Ventee) Above right: : Vegetated ea arth-banked terraces in a cereal fieeld with almond ds on the terracce ridge (Photo: Joris de Vente e) Earth-banked teerraces are coonstructed by carefully remooving a superfi icial soil layer (~ ~10-20 cm) froom one part of a field, concentrating it on tthe lower end of that field in or rder to reducce slope graddient and leng gth. Another terrace is cre eated directly do ownslope to foorm a cascade of terraces. Te errace risers haave to be of restricted height (~ ~50-150 cm) too prevent steeep and unstable terraces. Stoones from the fields can be us sed to reinforcce the terrace ridge. After ter rrace construcction, fields sho ould be gently sl loping (~30%) Location: Mu th hroughout the year (e.g. Stippa tenacisima, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thy ymus vulgaris, Region: Gua Ulex U parvifloruss, Rhamnus llycioides, Pist tacia lentiscuss). Natural regeneration of Technology ve egetation is aallowed withouut limitation on o the terracee ridges, so no herbicide Conservatio ap pplication or burning are carrried out to rem move weeds. WWhere possible, regeneration Stage of inte sh hould be stimuulated by plannting the same e adapted speecies in at leas st 25% of the degradation, te errace ridge. OOptionally, in the other 75% % of the terraace ridge, cer reals or other degradation le eguminous speecies can be soown, but should d not be harvessted or used fo or grazing. Origin: Deve initiative, trad This technologyy reduces floooding, damage e to infrastruccture and silta ation of water introduced th re eservoirs, whilee maintaining ( (or slightly incr reasing) crop pproductivity. Th his is achieved ago) by y reducing runnoff, soil erosioon and hydraulic connectivityy through a dec creased slope Land use: cr gr radient and ann increased vegetation cover r. The terrace rridge functions s as a sink for Climate: sem ru unoff within fiellds and reducees runoff veloc city. The vegetaation leads to increased soil WOCAT data or rganic matter ccontent below pplants, producing an improveed soil structure e and a higher cdewocat.uni in nfiltration capacity. The use of stones fro om the fields tto reinforce th he terraces is DESIRE site op ptional, but faacilitates crop production in the fields annd makes the e ridges more his.eu/en/gua re esistant to highher runoff veloccities. The tech hnology requirees an initial inve estment in the Related appr co onstruction of the terraces. TTerraces can best b be locatedd on thalwegs and on areas programme (Q where w gully formmation is oftenn observed. Maintenance M coonsists of filling up possible Compiled by ba ank gullies devveloped in thee terraces after important rainfall events an nd, if needed, Date: 5 su ubstitute decayyed shrubs withh new ones. th urcia adalentin catchment area: 10 - 100 0 km on measure: ve ervention: pre mitigation / red eloped through ditional (>50 ye hrough project, ropland and mi mi-arid, subtrop abase referen ibe.ch/wocatQT information: adalentin-spain roach: Region (QA SPA01) y: Joris de Ven Aprril 2011 2 egetative, strucctural vention of landd duction of land land user`s ears ago); exterrnally / recent (
Class sification Land use problemss: Lack of wateer for irrigation n of crops limitiing the crop types that can be planted as wwell as the crop p yield of drylaand farmin ng. A lack of wwater availabilitty seriously lim mits the producction potential of the soil and d results in a llow vegetation n/crop cover. TThe relativ vely high soil eerosion rates caause various off-site o related problems (i.e. flooding, reservoir siltation) aand on-site pro oblems (i.e. guully formation and loss oof soil depth). Land use annual cropping g (rainfed) Stage e of interventioon Main causes of land degradationn: Direct t causes - human induced: croop management (annual, treee), disturbance e of water cycle e (infiltration / ru runoff), other hu uman induced cause es: cropping of relatively steepp slopes sensit tive to erosion because of slo ope gradient Indirec ct causes: govvernance / instittutional (spatia al planning of laand use results s in formation of o too large fieldds without field d boundaries) Main technical funcctions: - control of concentraated runoff: rettain / trap - control of concentraated runoff: impede / retard - control of dispersedd runoff: retain / trap - control of dispersedd runoff: impedde / retard - reduction of slope aangle - incre ease of infiltration - incre ease / maintainn water stored iin soil Envir ronment Natural Environmennt Avera age annual rainfall (mm) Altiitude (m a.s.l.) ) Soil depth d (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 agrofo foresty Prevention Mitigation / RReduction Rehabilitatioon > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Climate semi-arid, subtropics Origin Land L user's inittiative: > 50 yea ars ago Experiments E / rresearch Externally E introdduced: < 10 ye ears ago > 40000 3000-40000 2500-30000 2000-25500 1500-20000 1000-15500 500-10000 100-5500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Page 113 and 114: Classification Land use problems: D
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Page 125 and 126: Classification Land use problems: L
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Page 137 and 138: Class sification Land use problemss
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Page 149 and 150: Classification Land use problems: S
Page 153 and 154: Classification Land use problems: W
Page 157 and 158: Classification Land use problems: O
Page 163: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Page 181 and 182: Classification Land use problems: D
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Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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