Desire for Greener Land

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1.2 Analysis of degradation and SLM maps Introduction The mapping of land degradation phenomena and their control measures originates from the aim of WOCAT 1 to improve the Global Assessment of Soil Degradation (GLASOD) 2 . WOCAT was also the first to provide a spatial view of the effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management SLM in response to this land degradation. By collaborating with the LADA 3 and DESIRE 4 projects, WOCAT has been able to provide a scale-independent method to map land degradation and conservation for predefined spatial units based on land use, which is the basis for assessing land degradation and conservation. In this chapter, the WOCAT mapping methodology and the outputs from the process will be described in detail. The WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE Mapping Method Maps of degradation and conservation properties provide a powerful tool to obtain a spatial overview of land degradation and conservation in a country, a region, or worldwide. The WOCAT mapping methodology employs a mapping questionnaire and database 5 . The WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE Mapping Questionnaire (QM) complements the information provided by the individual case studies on SLM Technologies (QT) and Approaches (QA), described in chapter 1.3. The Mapping Questionnaire evaluates what type of land degradation is happening where, as well as assessing the response to land degradation in terms of SLM. Within the DESIRE project, the information obtained through the mapping questionnaire for the DESIRE study sites was entered in the online Mapping Database. The accompanying map viewer allows the user to inspect various aspects of land degradation and conservation for each site. The mapping method consists of a spatial assessment of individual map units on the predefined land use map (base map). This is carried out with the use of a questionnaire. The hierarchical system for defining Land Use Systems, originally developed by the LADA project, was used to construct the base Greece, Erik van den Elsen Analysis of degradation and SLM maps DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 maps for each study site 6 . The LUS system, originally developed to map regions and countries, was adapted to be also applicable to small DESIRE study sites. The steps to define the base map units are explained in chapter 1.1 (Box 1). The starting point for mapping degradation and conservation is land use and land management, since these are considered the major factors that influence land degradation and conservation. Information on land degradation and conservation is collected for each unit on the base map according to the characteristics listed in Table 1. Following the principles of all WOCAT questionnaires, the collected data are largely qualitative, based on expert opinion and consultation of land users. This permits a rapid and general spatial assessment of land degradation and SLM, including information on the causes and impacts of degradation and SLM on ecosystem services. Table 1: Characteristics of land degradation and SLM documented in the WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE Mapping Questionnaire and Database. Degradation assessed for each Mapping unit Land use Within the DESIRE study sites, the areas of cultivated land, grazing land and mixed land are approximately the same size covering 175.000 - 200.000 ha. Forestry covers about 100.000 ha, mainly in the two Portugese sites and Mexico. Grazing and mixed land are predominant in Botswana 1 World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (http://www.wocat.net/) 2 Oldeman et al., 1990 3 Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (http://www.fao.org./nr/lada) 4 Desertification mitigation and remediation of land (http://www.desireproject.eu/) 5 The mapping questionnaire and database can be accessed on http://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-mapping.html 6 Nachtergaele and Petri, 2008 SLM assessed for each Mapping unit Type Name / Group / Measure Extent (area) Extent (area) Degree Effectiveness Impact on ecosystem services (type Impact on ecosystem services (type and level) and level) Direct causes Indirect causes Degradation type addressed Recommendation 25
Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use types per study site 300 250 200 150 100 100% 50 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 0% Botswana Botswana Cape Verde Cape Verde Chile Chile China China Greece/Crete Greece/Crete Greece/Nestos Greece/Nestos Italy Italy Mexico Mexico Morocco Morocco Portugal/Gois Portugal/Gois Portugal/Maçao Portugal/Maçao Russia/Dzhanibek Russia/Dzhanibek Figure1: Study site size and land use types (top) and distribution of major land use types per site (bottom). Cultivation DESIRE - WOCAT 2012 26 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land Russioa/Novy Russioa/Novy Spain Spain Tunisia Turkey/Karapinar Tunisia Turkey/Karapinar Turkey/Eskisehir Turkey/Eskisehir Forestry Grazing / Ranging Mixed Other Settlement Cultivation Forestry Grazing / Ranging Mixed Other Settlement DESIRE - WOCAT 2012 Morocco, Hanspeter Liniger China, Hanspeter Liniger
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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