Desire for Greener Land

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Human Environment Grazing land per household (ha) 10,000 Land user: individual, medium to large scale, privileged land user, mainly men Population density: 10-50 persons/km 2 Annual population growth: < 0.5% Land ownership: individual, not titled Land use rights: open access Water use rights: open access Relative level of wealth: average, which represent 25% of land users; 12% of the total land area is owned by average land Implementation activities, inputs and costs Establishment activities 1. Digging Holes: 40 * 40 * 40 cm 2. Wood stakes and fencing 3. Plantation 4. Irrigation 4 times Maintenance/recurrent activities 1. No maintenance activities yet, but maybe a temporal enclosure will be necessary again to protect the atriplex SLM Technology: Gully control by plantation of Atriplex, Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Importance of off-farm income: 10-50% of all income Access to service and infrastructure: low: health, education, market, energy, drinking water and sanitation, financial services; moderate: technical assistance, employment (eg off-farm), roads & transport Market orientation: mixed (subsistence and commercial) Livestock density: 25-50 LU /km 2 Technical drawing The drawing shows a slope eroded by parallel gullies. The incision develops in colluvial red material. Downstream, the gullies deposit the transported material and deposit it in the form of large fans made of pebbles washed by water which transports the fine elements to the main channel and to the Grou valley. The technology consists in the plantation of Atriplex shrubs planted along the contours. The small ridges on the downstream side of the shrubs and the shrubs themselves retain water and improve infiltration, which creates better conditions for growing grass. (Abdellah Laouina) Establishment inputs and costs per ha Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user Labour 2344 0 Equipment - plants - water Construction material - wood - metallic fence 563 500 205 650 TOTAL 4262 0 Maintenance/recurrent inputs and costs per ha per year Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user TOTAL 0 0 Remarks: The cost is determined by the amount of work necessary for plantation and fencing the plots. The local wage rate is 31 US$/day 0 0 0 0 167
Assessment Impacts of the Technology Production and socio-economic benefits Production and socio-economic disadvantages increased fodder production increased fodder quality hindered farm operations the free displacement of flocks is blocked loss of land increased labour constraints Socio-cultural benefits Socio-cultural disadvantages improved conservation / erosion knowledge national forest institution strengthening by better regulation (in the long term) improved situation of disadvantaged groups Ecological benefits Ecological disadvantages improved soil cover increased biomass above ground C increased soil moisture increased plant diversity reduced soil compaction Off-site benefits Off-site disadvantages widely) reduced downstream flooding (if implemented more widely) reduced damage on neighbours fields (if implemented more reduced downstream siltation (if implemented more widely) Contribution to human well-being/livelihoods The implementation of Atriplex planting and fencing have an effect in the long-term while in the short-term, the effects are still not apparent Benefits/costs according to land user The outputs could be really positive after at least 7 years Acceptance/adoption: Benefits compared with costs short-term: long-term: Establishment slightly negative positive Maintenance/recurrent neutral / balanced positive Only one family has implemented the technology with incentives within this framework of experimentation. No trend in adaptation yet. Concluding statements Strengths and how to sustain/improve Weaknesses and how to overcome Rehabilitation of degraded land engagement of the government in subsidizing part of the inputs and in creating awareness among the people to maintain the technology Change in land cover by vegetation temporary fencing when necessary Change in hydrological behaviour of the surface and improved water balance on- and off-site maintain vegetation cover Improvement of the fodder quality and quantity temporary fencing when necessary, enrichment of herbs by controlling the grazing period and number of animals Less loss of land (due to gullies) and reduced risk of erosion expand technology and maintain vegetation cover, planting of other shrubs, such as Cactus opuntia to control gully incision Availability of fodder when the plots are opened to grazing temporary fencing when necessary High costs of implementation government to subsidize part of the inputs Non-grazing due to fences during a 2 year period rotation between grazing plots Key reference(s): Laouina A., Aderghal M., Al Karkouri J., Chaker M., Machmachi I., Machouri N., Sfa M. (2010) : Utilisation des sols, ruissellement et dégradation des terres, le cas du secteur Sehoul, région atlantique, Maroc. Sécheresse, 21, 4, 309-316. Contact person(s): Abdellah Laouina, Chaire Unesco-GN, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Rabat, Morocco; laouina.abdellah@gmail.com 168 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: s
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Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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