Desire for Greener Land

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Human Environment Cropland per household (ha) 10,000 Implementation activities, inputs and costs Initial Investment Land user: Individual/household, small-scale land users, common / average land users, mainly men Population density: 10-50 persons/km 2 Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1% Land ownership: individual, titled Land use rights: open access (not organised) (Mainly “melk” (private property, 52%) and associations (13%)) Water use rights: (Mainly “melk” (private property, 52%) and associations (13%)) Relative level of wealth: very poor, which represents 20% of land users; 60% of the total land area is owned by very poor land users There are no special investment costs. The following costs are also required for the conventional cereal monocropping: - animal traction (2 mules): 2703 US$ - cart: 203 US$ - metallic plough: 42 US$ - swing plough: 20 US$ - sickles (4): 12 US$ Lifetime of a swing plough is 10 years and, of all the other equipment, is 30 years Recurrent activities Normal recurrent activities and labour costs include - ploughing: 30 US$ - spreading the seeds: 10 US$ - harvesting: 15 US$ - collecting: 15 US$ There are no additional costs for lupin cultivation except the seeds. Importance of off-farm income: less than 10% of all income: There are no major differences Access to service and infrastructure: low: health, education, employment (e.g. off-farm), drinking water and sanitation, financial services; moderate: technical assistance, market, energy, roads & transport Market orientation: subsistence (self-supply), mixed (subsistence and commercial) Mechanization: manual labour, animal traction Livestock grazing on cropland: yes Technical drawing Establishment inputs and costs The lupin plot occupies the upper part of the watershed, characterized by very fragile soils because of their thinness (20-40cm) and low organic matter content. (Jamal Al Karkouri and Issam Machmachi) Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user TOTAL 0 - Maintenance/recurrent inputs and costs per ha per year Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user Labour Agricultural 0 - - seeds 42 100 TOTAL 42 100 Remarks: Equipment and seed costs concern the hectare of cultivated land. The labour costs for a working day are 5 US$ per person. SLM Technology: Crop rotation: cereals / fodder legumes (lupin), Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 99
Assessment Impacts of the Technology Production and socio-economic benefits Production and socio-economic disadvantages increased product diversification reduced expenses on agricultural inputs increased crop yield increased fodder production increased farm income reduced fodder production increased expenses on agricultural inputs Socio-cultural benefits Socio-cultural disadvantages Ecological benefits Ecological disadvantages increased nutrient cycling recharge increased soil organic matter / below ground C reduced soil loss increased plant diversity increased soil moisture Off-site benefits Off-site disadvantages increased water availability reduced sediment yields Contribution to human well-being/livelihoods this technology allows a better yield and a farm income increase Benefits/costs according to land user Benefits compared with costs short-term: long-term: Establishment negative positive Maintenance/recurrent neutral / balanced slightly positive Rotation benefits can only appear in the long-term, after the amortization of implementation expenses. Acceptance/adoption: 100% of land user families (40 families; 100% of area) have implemented the technology voluntary. There is no trend towards (growing) spontaneous adoption of the technology. This technology is in decline because of the use of fertilizers which allow a crop/crop rotation and because of the increased seeds prices. As for food leguminous plants, this cultivation requires the mobilization of the family labour, nowadays not available taking into account the factor of emigration. Concluding statements Strengths and how to sustain/improve Weaknesses and how to overcome Maintenance of the soil fertility Encourage the crop rotation by subsidy of the administration Low-cost technology Make demonstrations for the benefit of the population Technology not very demanding in SWC knowledge Technical support to use the technology better Better soil fertility management Make demonstrations for the benefit of the population Erosion risks for the spring cultivations (maize), because the soil is bare during a high rainfall period. Introduce a catch crop cultivation before the legumes or maize cultivation in order to cover the soil during the heavy rains. Mulching can also be done. Very demanding on the family and animal workforce Mechanization Reduce the use of crop rotation and move the animals away from the exploited land occupied by cultivations throughout the year. Replace legumes by fodder crop on the open-field Key reference(s): GHOULIMI. S., 1999 Les communes rurales et les problèmes de développement local. Cas de la commune des Sehouls. Thèse de DES. Géographie humaine. 283 p. Contact person(s): Jamal, Al Karkouri, University IbnTofail. Kenitra, Maroc, alkarkourij@yahoo.fr 100 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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