Desire for Greener Land

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Olive tree plantations with intercropping Morocco - Plantations d’oliviers avec cultures intercalaires (French), Jnane Zitoune (Arabic) Contour planting of olive trees with crops, legumes and vegetables intercropping On gentle slopes of the Sehoul municipality, heavy or prolonged rainfall causes runoff and erosion on cultivated lands cleared at the beginning of the 20th century. In the last 10 years, in some plots, land users have started to implement contour plantations separated by intercropping strips with annual crops. Only the immediate tree surroundings involve harvesting and storing rainwater and runoff. No additional water harvesting structure has been built. A fence around the plot prevents livestock from entering. The economic objective of the technology is to improve income, because cultivation of cereals only gives low yields (500-600 kg/ha). Olive trees can provide an attractive yield and can be an alternative to crops especially during drought. As the olive tree is considered a revered tree, the technology is also beneficial from a social viewpoint. Environmental objectives include surface protection against erosion as well as the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility. To implement the change, a boundary of barbed wire (Chabkka) or cactus to form a natural hedge is installed in order to prevent livestock intrusion. Plantation work includes breaking up the soil, digging holes along the contour and planting the trees. Animal manure and chemical fertilizers are used as inputs. Weeding, pesticide application and manual watering are required regularly to support tree growth. As a drip-irrigation technique, watering cans with perforations are left to drop water continuously until the cans are empty. The plantations are on a fragile substrate of marl underlying Plio-Quaternary and loamy-stony deposits with more than 40 cm of fersialitic and sandy soil on low-angled slopes (
Classification Land use problems: Irregular rainfall and drought, lack of surface water and depth of the groundwater table are major environmental problems. Excessive runoff causes gullying in the event of exceptional heavy rainfall. All fields on slopes are subject to soil loss because of sheet erosion, especially in early autumn, when lands are bare and without a plant cover due to summer grazing. Gully erosion also results from concentrated runoff from bare ground upslope, especially on steep slopes. There is a lack of support from the authorities and agricultural services and insufficient knowledge about water conservation. Technologies for surface water harvesting do not exist. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure annual cropping (rainfed) (before) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 agroforestry (after) subhumid, subtropics Stage of intervention Origin Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - human induced: crop management Main technical functions: - improvement of ground cover Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 soil erosion by water: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion: Land user's initiative Experiments / research Externally introduced: < 10 years ago Growing season(s): 270 days (October to June) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: medium Topsoil organic matter: medium (1-3%) Soil drainage/infiltration: poor vegetative: tree and shrub cover Secondary technical functions: - increase of infiltration agronomic: contour ploughing Level of technical knowledge Agricultural advisor Land user Altitude (m a.s.l.) Landform Slope (%) > 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
Page 1 and 2:
Desire for Greener Land Options for
Page 3 and 4:
DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
Page 5 and 6:
Co-published by University of Bern,
Page 7 and 8:
Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
Page 9 and 10:
The present DESIRE publication desc
Page 11 and 12:
Contributing authors and DESIRE con
Page 13 and 14:
Desire for Greener Land - Options f
Page 15 and 16:
XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
Page 19 and 20:
In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
Page 21 and 22:
Part 1
Page 23 and 24:
8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 1: Methodological framework
Page 27 and 28:
to Russia and China (see Table 1).
Page 29 and 30:
DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2 provides a more detailed de
Page 33 and 34:
decision. This leads to solutions b
Page 35 and 36:
Aims and objectives This penultimat
Page 37 and 38:
Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
Page 39 and 40:
References: n EEA-European Environm
Page 41 and 42:
Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
Page 43 and 44:
Major land degradation types per st
Page 45 and 46:
Rate of degradation per study site
Page 47 and 48:
Production services were affected o
Page 49 and 50:
% of area under conservation measur
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
Page 53 and 54:
Conservation impact on ecosystem se
Page 55 and 56:
Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
Page 57 and 58:
Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
Page 59 and 60:
Origin of technology SLM technologi
Page 61 and 62:
Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
Page 63 and 64:
No. of case studies Land Ownership
Page 65 and 66:
No. of case studies Increased farm
Page 67 and 68:
No. of case studies Improved harves
Page 69 and 70:
No. of case studies Increased plant
Page 71 and 72:
No. of case studies No. of case stu
Page 73 and 74:
Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
Page 75 and 76:
system is focused on control rather
Page 77 and 78:
References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
Page 79 and 80:
actually implemented in the field.
Page 81 and 82:
Concerning SLM, the most widely app
Page 83 and 84:
Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
Page 85 and 86:
Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
Page 87 and 88:
2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
Page 89 and 90:
Case studies - titles and short des
Page 91 and 92:
76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
Page 93 and 94:
Classification Land use problems: T
Page 95 and 96:
Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 97 and 98:
Class sification Land d use problem
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Classification Land use problems: T
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Class sification Land use problemss
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Classification Land use problems: I
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Classification Land use problems: D
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118: Classification Land use problems: T
Page 119 and 120: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 121 and 122: Classification Land use problems: I
Page 125 and 126: Classification Land use problems: L
Page 129 and 130: Classification Land use problems: s
Page 137 and 138: Class sification Land use problemss
Page 141 and 142: Classification Land use problems: R
Page 149 and 150: Classification Land use problems: S
Page 153 and 154: Classification Land use problems: W
Page 157 and 158: Classification Land use problems: O
Page 167: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 173 and 174: Classification Land use problems: L
Page 181 and 182: Classification Land use problems: D
Page 185 and 186: Classification Land use problems: l
Page 193 and 194: Classification Land use problems: S
Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
Page 215 and 216: Impacts of the Approach Improved su
Page 217 and 218: Problem, objectives and constraints
Page 219 and 220:
Impacts of the Approach Improved su
Page 221 and 222:
Problem, objectives and constraints
Page 223 and 224:
Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Problems, objectives, and constrain
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
Page 247 and 248:
2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
Page 249 and 250:
Land recommendation Land conservati
Page 251 and 252:
Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
Page 253 and 254:
Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
Page 255 and 256:
Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
Page 257 and 258:
Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
Page 259 and 260:
Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
Page 261 and 262:
Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
Page 263 and 264:
Botswana - Boteti The main land use
Page 265 and 266:
Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
Page 267 and 268:
252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
Page 269 and 270:
Status of land degradation, sustain
Page 271 and 272:
Examples of potential SLM technolog
Page 273 and 274:
IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
Page 275 and 276:
Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
Page 277 and 278:
II Identifying, evaluating and sele
Page 279 and 280:
The results showed that the best op
Page 281 and 282:
IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Explanation pages of case studies:
Page 287 and 288:
Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
Page 289 and 290:
Explanation pages of case studies:
Page 291 and 292:
Here appears an organogram - if ava
Page 293 and 294:
Pictograms SLM technology Land use
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
show all

Desire for Greener Land

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?