Desire for Greener Land

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No. of case studies Soil fertility 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Cropping management Water management Cross-slope barriers Grazing land management SLM technology groups very low low medium high degradation problems requiring mitigation action in these areas. Cropping management and water management technologies are mainly applied on flat to gentle slopes, where other degradation problems are prevalent, such as fertility depletion, vegetation degradation or salinization. 23 of the 30 technologies (77%) are practiced on soils with low or very low soil fertility. None of the case studies are applied on soils which initially had a very high fertility and only one technology is on a soil with high initial fertility. Compared to earlier assessments, including all climatic zones 4 , more focus is given to improve the management of low fertility soils in the drylands of this study. This reflects the reality of drylands, where soils are generally less fertile due to less weathering and the prevalence of unfavourable substrates. It has not been assessed how far degradation and nutrient mining have contributed to a reduced soil fertility. Topsoil organic matter is closely related to soil fertility and has an impact on physical, chemical and biological properties. Similar to soil fertility, the majority of cases have low topsoil organic matter. Naturally, topsoil organic matter is rather low in drylands due to the reduced biological activities under arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Because most soils where SLM has been applied contain a low level of soil organic matter, they have potential to increase organic Forest management DESIRE - WOCAT 2012 Figure 9: Level of soil fertility in relation to the SLM technology groups before intervention. (Note that for each technology only the major category was selected). Morocco, Gudrun Schwilch China, Erik van den Elsen Availability of surface water 9 Cropping management matter and nutrient holding capacity and simultaneously sequester carbon in the degraded soil. This is an important functionality of reduced tillage, crop rotation with legumes and agroforestry systems. Figure 23, which is presented later in this chapter, shows an interesting comparison of the initial soil organic matter and the impacts of the SLM technology. As expected, the availability of surface water (proximity of streams or lakes) is very poor in most cases (see Figure 10). More on the impacts of this issue can be found below. Sensitivity of, and tolerance to, climate change The technologies were documented for the current climatic situation of the study sites. If climate is changing, then the positive-functioning of a technology could be negatively affected. Equally, under certain situations the effect could be positive. If the species used are not drought tolerant, a reduction of seasonal rainfall may cause hedge rows to become ineffective. The WOCAT questionnaire therefore assesses the perceived tolerance and sensitivity of an applied technology during extreme conditions, be it seasons with exceptionally low or high rainfall, temperatures or heavy storm (wind or rain). 4 WOCAT, 2007 Analysis of assessed SLM technologies and approaches across DESIRE sites DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 No. of case studies 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Water management Cross-slope barriers Grazing land management SLM technology groups Forest management poor / none medium good DESIRE - WOCAT 2012 Figure 10: Availability of surface water in relation to the SLM technology groups. (Note that for each technology only the major category was selected). 45
Table 3: Sensitivity of and tolerance to climate change Cropping management Water management Cross-slope barriers Grazing land management Forest management CHL01 GRE01 SPA01 SPA06 CHL02 MOR12 SPA05 TUR04 TUN09 TUN12 SPA04 GRE05 TUN14 TUR03 RUS01 BOT04 CHN53 TUR05 SPA02 MOR14 CPV06 MEX02 MOR15 TUN11 ITA01 CPV03 MOR13 POR01 POR02 BOT05 temperature increase seasonal rainfall increase tolerant sensitive not known / not applicable Morocco, Hanspeter Liniger seasonal rainfall decrease heavy rainfall events windstorms / duststorms floods droughts / dry spells decreasing length of growing period Cape Verde, Erik van den Elsen Turkey, Erik van den Elsen 46 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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