Desire for Greener Land

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Human Environment Mixed land per household (ha) 10,000 Implementation activities, inputs and costs Establishment activities Land user: Individual small-scale land users and average land users, mainly men Population density: 10-50 persons/km 2 Annual population growth: 1% - 2% Land ownership: individual, titled Land use rights: open access Water use rights: communal (organised) Relative level of wealth: average, which represent 75%; 90% of the total land areas is owned by average land users. 1. Removal of weeds if they interfere significantly with the collection of the olive crop Maintenance/recurrent activities SLM Technology: Olive groves under no-tillage operations, Greece DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Importance of off-farm income: less than 10% of all income: Access to service and infrastructure: moderate: education, technical assistance, roads & transport; high: health, market, financial services Market orientation: mixed (subsistence and commercial) Mechanization: mechanised Livestock grazing on cropland: yes Technical drawing Establishment inputs and costs per ha Olive groves occur widely throughout Crete (Greece). One of the main cultivation practices adopted recently is minimum or no tillage. Under this land management practice, weeds are allowed to grow, covering and protecting the soil surface from raindrop impact. The most widely distributed weed is Oxalis pescaprae, a plant species that has positive effects on soil and water conservation. Oxalis grows during winter improving water infiltration into the soil and helping to prevent soil erosion. Owing to its high sensitivity to drought, Oxalis reaches wilting point during late spring due to a lack of soil water in the upper soil layer. The plant is indigenous to South Africa and highly invasive. The plant has a reputation for being very difficult to eradicate once it has become established. Olive trees, planted close together, partially prevent the growth of understorey vegetation. In the Crete study area, rows of olive trees are spaced at intervals of 8 m and trees are planted 5 m apart in the rows (C. Kosmas) Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user TOTAL 0 0 Maintenance/recurrent inputs and costs per ha per year no maintenance Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user Remarks: No factors affect costs since Oxalis grows in the area under natural conditions TOTAL 0 0 83
Assessment Impacts of the Technology Production and socio-economic benefits Production and socio-economic disadvantages increased farm income (2200-2500 €/ha) hindered farm operations Socio-cultural benefits Socio-cultural disadvantages improved conservation / erosion knowledge Ecological benefits Ecological disadvantages reduced soil crusting reduced surface runoff increased water quantity increased soil moisture reduced soil loss reduced soil compaction reduced demand on irrigation water Off-site benefits Off-site disadvantages reduced downstream flooding reduced groundwater / river pollution Contribution to human well-being/livelihoods increase in farmers income and reduction of the off-site effects Benefits/costs according to land user Acceptance/adoption: Benefits compared with costs short-term: long-term: Establishment positive positive Maintenance/recurrent positive positive In all, 55% of land user families (1850 families; 45% of area) have implemented the technology with external material support. In all, 45% of land user families (800 families; 65% of area) have implemented the technology voluntarily. There is moderate (growing) trend towards spontaneous adoption of the technology. Concluding statements Strengths and how to sustain/improve Weaknesses and how to overcome Technologies for conserving soil and water resources and combating desertification in Crete mainly relate to land management. Olive groves are widespread on the island as a result of the importance of olive oil for everyday cooking. Furthermore, olive groves can survive adverse weather and soil conditions providing a significant income for farmers for a relatively low labour input. Land management practices have been adopted in the area based on tradition and knowledge transfer by local institutes and specialists. No-tillage land management practice with olives can be considered as an important technique to protect against land degradation and desertification and increase farmers’ incomes education of farmers Production costs can be cut, but may create problems for olive harvesting the necessity to cut weeds during harvesting Key reference(s): - Contact person(s): Costas Kosmas, Agricultural University of Athens. E-Mail: Isos2kok@aua.gr A slight decrease in water availability for the growing trees no solution to this problem The field is ‘clean’ in readiness for harvesting the necessity to cut weeds during harvesting 84 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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