Desire for Greener Land

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Aloe Vera living barriers Cape Verde - Barreiras Vivas de Aloe vera (Portuguese) It is a technique which uses the structure of a cross-slope barrier of Aloe vera to combat soil erosion by decreasing surface wash and increasing infiltration. Aloe vera is a durable herbaceous plant which is planted in the form of living barriers to recover degraded slopes on the Cape Verde Islands. The plants are closely planted along the contour to build an efficient barrier for retention of eroded sediments and superficial runoff. The living hedges of Aloe vera stabilize the soil, increase soil humidity by improving infiltration and soil structure. Groundwater is recharged indirectly. Soil cover is improved, and thus evaporation and erosion reduced. Implementation is relatively simple. The contour lines are demarcated using a water level. Seedlings are planted along one line at a distance of 30-50 cm between plants; spacing between the rows varies between 3-5 m according to the slope. The technology is applied in subhumid and semi-arid areas, on steep slopes with shallow soils, a poor vegetation cover and high soil erosion rates. These areas are generally used by poor subsistence farmers for rainfed agriculture with crops such as maize and beans, which are considered inappropriate for such slope angles. On slopes steeper than 30% the living barriers are often combined with stone walls (width 40-50 cm; height 80-90 cm). The plants stabilize the stone risers, making this combined technology one of the most efficient measures for soil erosion control on the Cape Verde Islands. The herbaceous plant is well adapted to the local biophysical conditions and to the land use system: it can be grown with any crop, is available for any farmer, establishment and transport are simple, its green leaves are not palatable for livestock, the plant is extremely resistant to water stress and grows on any bioclimatic zone on the island. Furthermore, Aloe is known for its multiple uses in traditional medicine. SLM Technology: Aloe Vera living barriers, Cape Verde DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Above left: Aloe vera living barriers are often combined with stone walls to enhance the erosion control on steep slopes (Photo: Hanspeter Liniger) Above right: Aloe vera in an agroforestry farming system (Photo: M. Moemedi) Location: Ribeira Seca catchment Region: Santiago Island, Cape Verde Technology area: 71.5 km 2 Conservation measure: vegetative, sometimes in combination with structural: contour furrows and stone walls Stage of intervention: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land Origin: North Africa during slavery in the 15 th century, externally / introduced through project (10-50 years ago) Land use: cropland and grazing land Climate: semi-arid, tropics WOCAT database reference: QT CPV06e on cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT DESIRE site information: www.desirehis.eu/en/ribeira-seca-cape-verde Related approach: Training, Information and Awareness-raising (QA CPV01) Compiled by: Jacques Tavares, Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA) Date: 5 th Mar 2009, updated 31 th Aug 2011 157
Classification Land use problems: Low productive land, shallow soil depth, loss of soil by runoff water, reducing its thickness and fertility Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure annual cropping (rainfed) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 extensive grazing land Stage of intervention Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation semi-arid, tropics Origin Land user's initiative Experiments / research Externally introduced Growing season(s): 90 days (August to October) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: medium Topsoil organic matter: medium (1-3%) Soil drainage/infiltration: medium soil erosion by water: gully erosion/gullying, loss of topsoil, surface erosion vegetative: grasses and perennial herbaceous plants Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - Human induced: soil management, overgrazing, weeding Direct causes - Natural: droughts, heavy rainfalls , Steep slopes: Low vegetation cover accelerates the runoff Indirect causes: poverty / wealth, education, access to knowledge and support services Main technical functions: - reduction of slope length - improvement of ground cover - improvement of topsoil structure (compaction) - stabilization of soil (e.g. by tree roots against landslides) - increase of groundwater level, recharge of groundwater (expected) - sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting - increase of biomass (quantity) Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Secondary technical functions: - control of raindrop splash - reduction of slope angle - increase of surface roughness optional structural: stone walls and ditches Level of technical knowledge Agricultural advisor Land user Altitude (m a.s.l.) Landform Slope (%) > 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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