Desire for Greener Land

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Tabia T Tunisia T The tabia earthhen dyke is a wwater harvesti ing techniquee used in the fo oothill and piedmont areass. The tabia technnology is similaar to the jessou ur system but is used in the gently-sloping g fo oothill and pieedmont areas. . It is conside ered to be a relatively ne ew technique, de eveloped by mmountain dwelllers who migr rated to the pplains. Tabias, like jessour, co omprise an eaarthen dyke (500-150 m in len ngth, 1-2 m in height), a spi illway (central an nd/or lateral) aand an associaated water har rvesting area. The ratio betw ween the area where w water is aapplied (croppeed area) and th he total area frrom which wate er is collected va aries from 1:6 to 1:20. The differences be etween the tabbia and the jes ssour systems ar re that the foormer containss two additiona al lateral bundds (up to 30 m long) and so ometimes a ssmall flood diversion dyke (mgoud). Smmall tabia are e constructed manually m using shovels, picklees and carts. La arger construct ctions are done mechanically us sing tractors annd bulldozers. Above left: TTabia on the pie edmont area. TTree products (olivve, almond, fig, palm) and annnuals (barley) can bbe harvested. (Photo: ( Mongi Chniter) Above right: Tabia earthen n dam in the plaain. Olive trees arre generally gro own along the dam, where the harrvested water infiltrates i betteer (Photo: Mohaamed Ouessar) ) Tree products aand annual crops are commonly grown usinng tabia. Besides their water ha arvesting qualiities, tabias alsso have a posit tive effect on soil erosion and d groundwater re echarge. Location: Meedenine Region: Meddenine nord The tabia runoff-water harveesting techniqu ue is widely ppractised in ce entral Tunisia. Technology area: 10 - 100 0 km Tabias are usuaally installed oon the piedmont, where the slope does no ot exceed 3% Conservationn measure: st an nd where the ssoil is relatively deep. Ancient remnants off tabias have been b found in Stage of inteervention: prev th he region of GGafsa (south wwest Tunisia). The T system haas been adopt ted by people degradation liv ving in the neigghbouring footthills and plains of the centraal and southea astern regions Origin: externnally (10-50 ye (J Jeffara) of the ccountry, followiing the transfor rmation of theirr pasture to cultivated fields. Land use: cro ropland, grazin Climate: aridd, subtropics WOCAT dataabase referenc cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQT DESIRE site information: w his.eu/en/zeuuss-koutine-tun Related apprroach: Dryland management t approach (QA Compiled byy: Mohamed O Chniter, Instittut des Régions Tunisia Date: 30th Jaan 2009 update 2 tructural vention of land ears ago) g land ce: QT TUN122 on T www.desireisia d watershed A TUN09) uessar, Mongi s Arides (IRA), ed 5th Jul 20111 SLM Technology: Tabia, Tunisia DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 113
Classification Land use problems: soil erosion by water, runoff and soil loss, overgrazing Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure tree and shrub extensive cropping grazing land (rainfed) Stage of intervention Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 arid, subtropics soil erosion by water: loss of topsoil / surface erosion Origin Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - Natural: heavy / extreme rainfall Indirect causes: land tenure Main technical functions: - control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Land user's initiative: traditional (> 50 years ago) Experiments / research Externally introduced: 10-50 years ago Growing season(s): 180 days (Oct - Apr) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: very low Topsoil organic matter: low ( 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: l
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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