Desire for Greener Land

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Regional rural development programme Spain - Programa de desarrollo rural de la región de Murcia (Spanish) Regional development programme to protect natural resources and stimulate rural economies. Aim / objectives: The objective of the Rural Development Programme (RDP) is to assist farmers who have to deal with difficult environmental conditions (drought, steep slopes) to apply sustainable farming practices either in the implementation phase or for maintenance. The programme is carried out to: 1) improve the socio-economic conditions of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment, and 3) prevent on-site and offsite damages caused by land degradation and erosion. To achieve these objectives, the RDP identifies different lines of action: 1) compensate for difficult natural conditions; 2) fight against erosion; 3) reduce farming intensity; and 4) promote ecological agriculture. Methods: The main method used in the RDP is through subsidies of farming practices following a cross-compliance principle. Each line of action implies a combination of conservation measures that are subsidised, but only when applied in combination. Hence, single conservation measures outside of these lines of action are not subsidies. Role of stakeholders: The level of the subsidy is based on estimated implementation and maintenance costs and possible loss of productivity caused by the conservation measures. These values were obtained after consultation of various stakeholder groups including farmer organisations with agricultural cooperatives. However, because of limited resources, not all farmers will receive subsidies for the conservation measures. Priority is given to: 1) farmers who have 50% of their land within the Nature 2000 network, a European wide network of protected areas for the preservation of habitats and threatened species; 2) farmers with >50% of their land in unfavourable zones; and 3) farmers who did not receive subsidy in previous RDPs. Furthermore, areas with slopes of more than 20% are not subsidised in this programme since it is recommended that no agriculture takes place in these areas. Instead, reforestation of these areas is subsidised. RDPs are developed for a period of 7 years. Every seven years, a new RDP is defined and priorities and levels of subsidies can change. The present RDP is valid for the period 2007-2013. SLM Approach: Regional rural development programme, Spain DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Above left and right: Discussion in a workshop on the usefulness of soil conservation measures and the need for agricultural subsidies (Photo: Joris de Vente). Location: Murcia, Guadalentín basin, Spain Approach area: 11,313 km 2 Type of Approach: project/programme-based Focus: mainly on conservation with other activities WOCAT database reference: QT SPA01 on cdewocat.unibe.ch/wocatQA DESIRE site information: www.desirehis.eu/en/guadalentin-spain Related technology(ies): Reduced contour tillage in semi-arid environments (QT SPA01), Vegetated bench terraces (QT SPA02), Ecological agriculture of almonds and olives using green manure (QT SPA05), Reduced tillage of almonds and olives (QT SPA06) Compiled by: Joris de Vente, EEZA-CSIC Date: 12 May 2009 221
Problem, objectives and constraints Problems: The main problems addressed by the approach are low income and low productivity of farmers in rural areas, subsequent land abandonment, and erosion and land degradation processes causing on-site and off-site damage. Aims / Objectives: 1) improve the socio-economic situation of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment; and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damage caused by land degradation and erosion. Constraints addressed Constraints Treatments Financial Many technologies require an investment and maintenance, or even reduce productivity because they occupy land Social / cultural / religious The problem is not always recognised by everyone and certain practices are cultural Technical Some technologies require establishment of vegetation cover, which is difficult under arid conditions Participation and decision making A subsidy equal to the loss of productivity and implementation and maintenance costs. Information and training by the regional extension services and the farmers organisations. Advice about which vegetation types to use and subsidy to cover the implementation costs. Stakeholders / target groups Approach costs met by: International 41% Government 10% local government (district, county, municipality, village, etc.) 49% Total 100% SLM specialists, agricultural advisors land users, groups politicians, decision makers Total budget US$> 1,000,000 Decisions on choice of the Technology(ies): mainly by SLM specialists Decisions on method of implementing the Technology(ies): by politicians / leaders Approach designed by: national specialists, international specialists Implementing bodies: international, government, local government (district, county, municipality, village, etc.), land users Land user involvement Phase Involvement Activities Initiation/motivation Self-mobilisation Planning Interactive Implementation Interactive Monitoring/evaluation None Research None Petitions towards policy makers and farmers organizations to pay attention for production under difficult environmental conditions Land users were sporadically consulted through farmers organizations, and participated in protest meetings against initial versions of the RDP that they considered insufficient regarding payments for the agricultural sector Land users implemented SLM technologies themselves with help from technicians of regional government and farmers organisations Differences between participation of men and women: Yes, moderate. Traditionally land users and agricultural activities are dominated by men. Involvement of disadvantaged groups: Yes, little. The focus of the approach is on the socio-economic situation of farmers with a relatively low income and under marginal conditions. 222 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
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Page 223 and 224: Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Page 245 and 246: Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
Page 247 and 248: 2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
Page 249 and 250: Land recommendation Land conservati
Page 251 and 252: Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
Page 253 and 254: Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
Page 255 and 256: Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
Page 257 and 258: Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
Page 259 and 260: Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
Page 261 and 262: Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
Page 263 and 264: Botswana - Boteti The main land use
Page 265 and 266: Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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Page 269 and 270: Status of land degradation, sustain
Page 271 and 272: Examples of potential SLM technolog
Page 273 and 274: IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Page 285 and 286: Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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