Desire for Greener Land

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Human Environment Forests / woodlands per household (ha) 10,000 Implementation activities, inputs and costs Establishment activities 1. Soil preparation, weeding 2. Ploughing and digging planting pits 3. Planting and watering 4. Fencing 5. Reduction of density, replacement of weak / dead plants Maintenance/recurrent activities 1. Weeding and ploughing 2. Watering (first two years) 3. Guarding Land user: employee (company, government) Population density: 10-50 persons/km 2 Annual population growth: < 0.5% Land ownership: state Land use rights: communal (organized) (In Morocco, forest belongs to the State but the population has the right to perform pastoral activities, to gather wood, to collect aromatic and medicinal plants, acorns, etc.) Water use rights: open access (unorganized) Relative level of wealth: average 80% of land users; 80% of the total land area is owned by average land users Establishment inputs and costs per ha Importance of off-farm income: less than 10% of all income: Access to service and infrastructure: low: health, employment (e.g. off-farm), drinking water and sanitation; moderate: education, technical assistance, energy, roads & transport Market orientation: commercial / market (producing and selling cork and related products) Technical drawing Contour planting in strips where Cistus has been removed (in order to allow more light and avoid competition for moisture) (Chaker Miloud) Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user Labour 435 0 Agricultural - seeds - cultivation and weeding (2x) 208 125 TOTAL 768 0 Maintenance/recurrent inputs and costs per ha per year Inputs Costs (US$) % met by land user Labour 35 0 Agricultural - ploughing, weeding, and watering 125 TOTAL 160 0 Remarks: If planting coincides with a dry season, it takes watering on several occasions, which makes applying the technology more expensive - Stronger fences and more supervising are required if near to habitation. The local wage rate is 5 US$/day. SLM Technology: Assisted cork oak regeneration, Morocco DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 0 0 0 0 183
Assessment Impacts of the Technology Production and socio-economic benefits Production and socio-economic disadvantages increased fodder production increased animal production increased wood production reduction of forest pastoral area Socio-cultural benefits Socio-cultural disadvantages conflict resolution and reduction (long term) improved conservation / erosion knowledge community institution strengthening national institution strengthening improved health (human recreation) socio-cultural conflicts (short term due to area enclosure) Ecological benefits Ecological disadvantages increased soil moisture reduced surface runoff reduced soil loss increased biomass / above ground C increased animal and vegetation diversity increased soil organic matter / below ground C reduced soil crusting / sealing recharge of groundwater table / aquifer Off-site benefits Off-site disadvantages reduced damage on neighbours fields (less floods and soil loss) reduced wind transported sediments reduced downstream siltation reduced downstream flooding Contribution to human well-being/livelihoods Increased grazing pressure on neighbouring 184 DESIRE – WOCAT Desire for Greener Land areas In the long term. It is too early to assess the technology impacts on the livelihood. Benefits/costs according to land user Benefits compared with costs short-term: long-term: Establishment negative positive Maintenance/recurrent negative positive Acceptance/adoption: Demonstration plot implemented by the government, but not applied by the local communities yet. Concluding statements Strengths and how to sustain/improve Weaknesses and how to overcome Natural resources conservation and fight against desertification Problems because of the high cost of this technology (about 8000 Involve local population in the forest management dh/ha, 768 US$) Costs can be reduced if population commit to respect the converted plots, even without fences and guards. Cork oak regeneration in order to ensure the existence of cork oak forests Review the forest exploitation modalities by local populations (beneficiaries) Improve silvo-pastoral activities Participative management for the population Cork production enhancement Improve cork extraction, timing and marketing techniques Improved fodder production in the long term provide compensation for enclosure time Forest users ask for subsidies in case of resting processes Define the beneficiaries for the forest exploitation and its rules, its calendar and its rest areas by founding associations and unions For land users, the forest potential by pastoral activities needs to be improved by seeding of palatable species farmers must be included in the choice of implemented species Key reference: Project PMVB 2001, Ministère d’agriculture de Maroc Contact person: Miloud Chaker, Université Mohamed V, Départment de Géographie, Rabat, Morocco, chaker.m@gmail.com
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: s
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: R
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Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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