Desire for Greener Land

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Biogas B s Botswana B - GGase ya Boloko (Setswan na) Production oof methane gas from cow-dung c foor use in ho ousehold cooking, heaating and liighting in order o to redduce firewood demand. Biogas plant: Thhe biogas plannt can be cons structed in sevveral ways as long as it can pr rovide a mediuum for the bioloogical material l be digested. Biogas is the name n given to th he gas that is pproduced durinng the decomp position of somme organic was ste specifically to o produce methhane gas. Thee gas is then captured in a storage tank (on site) to be used for hoousehold eneergy needs. In many partss of the world where this te echnology is used (includding Botswan na) the mostt common fo orm of input material m is coow dung maaking it more e appropriatee for rural environments. Advantages: A thee technology offfers two major r advantages; ffirst, at every le evel of use i.e. in ndividual or insttitutional, savinngs in terms of energy is realized. The only costs that are bo orne are at insstallation, otherrwise input of cow c dung has a minimal cos st of collection (if f any at all). Thhe second advantage is that there is reduceed usage of fue el wood which translates into less cutting down of trees s leading to reduced defo orestation and de egradation of land. A disadvvantage is the e initial investmment which is significant for po oor farmers. Above left: TThe photo show ws the gas collection tank resting oon the concrete e-built digester. Pipes/tubes aat the top of the e gas tank supply the house with mmethane gas. (P Photo: R.J. Sebbego) Above right: : This photo sh hows the pilot bbiogas plant construccted by the DE ESIRE team in Mopipi. It wass installed at one household tto serve as a deemonstration to o the village community. ( Photo: R.J. Se ebego) Construction C off the biogas pplant: construc ction of the pllant consists of o three main Location: So ch hambers: nammely, the Diggester pit whe ere all the mmicrobiological reactions or Region: Kan de ecomposition of the materiaal takes place e. The digesteer has to be built b to be air- Technology tig ght with the rreleased gas oonly escaping g into the gas holder. The gas holder is Conservatio co onnected to thhe digester byy way of a pip pe. Its main ppurpose is to collect c all the Stage of inte ga as that has beeen fermentedd. The mixing pit is the inpuut chamber wh here the dung reclamation o is s mixed with wwater and fedd into the dige ester. The ammount and quality of water Origin: Exter re equired for thiss is no constraint, even in this t water streessed area. Co onstruction of Land use: Fo th he biogas plannt has to be doone according g to specificatioons. A technic cal drawing of Climate: sem th he plant is shoown on page 33. The purpose e of the technoology is to use e it for house- WOCAT data ho old energy (foor cooking, lighhting and running appliancess). cdewocat.uni DESIRE site In n Botswana, tthe technology was introdu uced by the RRural Industrie es Innovation his.eu/en/bote Center C which iss a governmennt funded rese earch institutioon. Despite the e existence of Related appr th his company foor many yearss, the uptake has h been veryy low due to po oor marketing Compiled by and extension sservices and lack of financia al assistance tto poor farmer rs. Botswana Date: 19 Biogas B is suitaable either for a farm, cattle e post or ruraal setting whe ere the inputs (c cow dung) aree easily availaable. But there e are possibillities of experimenting with ot ther bio-degraadable materials in major centres wheree cow dung is i not readily av vailable. th outhern District t nye village area: point loc cation on measure: management m ervention: rehabilitation / of denuded land rnally - 10-50 years y ago orest land and mixed mi-arid, subtrop pics abase reference: QT BOT05 ibe.ch/wocatQT T information: www.desire- teti-botswana roach: not doc cumented y: Sebego Reu uben, University Feeb 2009, updated 6 th 5 on y of Jun 2011 SLM Technology: Biogas, Botswana DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 193
Classification Land use problems: Overgrazing of the commons, droughts, saline water and over-harvesting of fuelwood for cooking, heating leading to deforestation and land degradation. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure natural forest selective felling of (semi-) natural forests Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 agro-pastoralism (rainfed) Stage of intervention Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation semi-arid, subtropics Origin Growing season(s): 179 days (Oct - Mar) Soil texture: coarse / light (sandy) Soil fertility: very low Topsoil organic matter: low (
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: s
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: R
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Classification Land use problems: W
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Page 157 and 158: Classification Land use problems: O
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Page 165 and 166: Class sification Land use problemss
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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