Desire for Greener Land

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Contro C lled grrazing in i deciduous woods w as an alterna ative too grazin ng on rangela r and Ita aly – Pascolo ccontrollato (Itallian) Controlled C graazing in decidduous woods s seasonally limited in su ummer when grass cover in rangeland suffers water str ress. During D the driesst season, farmmers shifts graz zing to deciduoous forest. Gra azing in forest is s controlled beecause it is limmited to specific areas and wwith a controlled number of an nimals (cows aand goats). In ddeciduous fore est, the animalss can still find green g grass in th he dry season. This action prevents excess sive stress in tthe surroundin ng rangelands, which w are sufferring from a seaasonal summer water deficit, as is typical of o areas with a Mediterranean M cclimate. When W controlled grazing is aadopted as th he conventionaal managemen nt technology, se elective cuttingg of trees every 20 years is also used to provide additi ional earnings from the sale of firewood. Above left: CControlled graz zing - goats (Phhoto: Dino Torri) Above right: : Controlled gra azing in deciduuous oak forest (Phhoto: Dino Torri) One O purpose off this managemment technolog gy is to allow ggrazing in environments that st till preserve ggrasses in thee summer dry season. Morreover, this technology can pr revent overgraazing (and its consequences s in rangelandd and pasture es). Controlled gr razing is typicaal in the Renddina watershed d (Basilicata, Ittaly). The upp per part of the watershed w is loccated above 8000 m a.s.l. and d is characterizzed by deciduo ous oak forest, which w every 20 years is subjecct to selective cutting. Selecttive cutting invo olves cutting a hi igh percentagee of a limited raange of tree sp pecies. Within aabout 10 years, regeneration Location: Re of f the whole woooded area is possible. This allows for a cconstant regen neration of the Region: Pote woodland w and reduces the pprobability of a progressive degradation as a well as of Technology wildfires w due too an excessivee build-up of the t fuel load. The surrounding areas are Conservatio ei ither cultivatedd or rangeland and suffer from m the soil erossion and landslides that give Stage of inte ris se to degradation and hence to the loss of arable a lands. degradation Origin: throu Annual A rainfall is 500 mm wwith two rainy seasons (Octoober-Novembe er and March- years ago May). M Potential evapotranspiraation is up to 1100 mm annuaally. The Rendina catchment Land use: fo ra anges from humid-subhumid to subhumid-s semiarid conditions. The surrounding area Climate: sub ra anges from (subhumid)-semiaarid to semiarid d-arid. WOCAT data cdewocat.uni Forests are eitther governmeent-owned or privately-ownned, but contr rolled grazing DESIRE site woodland w areass are mostly government-ow wned. Based on the numb ber of grazing his.eu/en/ren an nimals admitteed, the farmerss need to pay a tax to the muunicipalities or regions. Each Related appr fa armer has a sppecific number of animals adm mitted to the wwoodland area and there is a Compiled by ov verall maximum of animals especially dur ring summer, when a risk of o overgrazing Date: 3 ex xists. Access too private forestt, on the other hand, is arrangged directly wit th the owners. Grazing G is organized on a daily basis by the e herdsman. TThe controlled grazing areas ar re always locaated in the wooodlands where e selective cutting is carried d out. In such ar reas livestock during summeer can enter an nd move moree easily in the relatively cool co onditions. th endina Basin enza / Regione area: 10 km Nov 2 e Basilicata on measure: management m ervention: prevention of land ugh land user’s initiative 10-50 orests / woodlands and mixed bhumid, temper rate abase reference: QT ITA01 ibe.ch/wocatQT T information: www.desire- ndina-italy roach: not doc cumented y: Lorenzo Bor rselli, CNR v 2008, updated 5 th d 0 d on Jun 2011 SLM Technology: Controlled grazing in deciduous woods as an alternative to grazing on rangeland, Italy DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 173
Classification Land use problems: The land users claim about reduction of vegetation cover. This impacts water and tillage erosion and landslides but is not considered as main issue by land user, yet. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure selective cutting of (semi-) natural forest (before) Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 mixed: silvopastoralism (after) Stage of intervention Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation subhumid, temperate Origin Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes - human induced: overgrazing Indirect causes: land tenure Main technical functions: - improvement of ground cover Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 biological degradation: reduction of vegetation cover Land user's initiative: 10-50 years ago Experiments / research Externally introduced Growing season(s): 90 days (Apr - Jun) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: medium Topsoil organic matter: high (>3%) Soil drainage/infiltration: good management: displacement of livestock during the dry season Level of technical knowledge Agricultural advisor Land user Secondary technical functions: - stabilisation of soil (e.g. tree roots against landslides) Altitude (m a.s.l.) Landform Slope (%) > 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
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Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Major land degradation types per st
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Rate of degradation per study site
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Production services were affected o
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% of area under conservation measur
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Figure 16: Effectiveness of conserv
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Conservation impact on ecosystem se
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Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Table 2: WOCAT categories of SLM me
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Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Table 3: Sensitivity of and toleran
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No. of case studies Land Ownership
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No. of case studies Increased farm
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No. of case studies Improved harves
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No. of case studies Increased plant
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No. of case studies No. of case stu
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Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
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system is focused on control rather
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References: n Alkemade, J. R. M., v
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actually implemented in the field.
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Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Part 2 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Gr
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Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
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2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
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Case studies - titles and short des
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76 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greene
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Class sification Land d use problem
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: s
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Page 137 and 138: Class sification Land use problemss
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Page 187: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Page 213 and 214: Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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