Desire for Greener Land

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No N tillaage preeceded by subbsoilin ng Chile C - Cero labranza con subssolado (Spanis sh) No N tillage preceeded by subsoiling consist ts in the use oof a subsoiler at a 50 cm depth every 5 yyears before pperforming no o tillage agricuulture. In n the “secano interior” of thhe Mediterrane ean climate area of central Chile, water er rosion and inapppropriate agricultural system ms along hillsloopes are the ma ajor causes of so oil degradationn. Subsoil tillage is performed wwith a three-p pointed 50-cm chisel plough (see photo), without w turning the soil. Subsooiling is neede ed every five yyears to break the hard pan af fter soil compaction. Then ccrops are dire ectly seeded wwithout any tillage and with st tubble left on thhe field. The area has a subhumid Mediterranean climate with an aaverage annua al precipitation of f 695 mm (80% % concentratedd in winter), with five months oof drought. Soils are Alfisols of f the Cauquenees type, classiffied as Ultic Pa alexeralfs. The soil is made up u of materials of f granite originn with moderaate acidic cond ditions and loww organic carb bon. Soil clay co ontent is 15% between 0 annd 18 cm depth h, below this ddepth it is high her than 44%. Topography is a hillside with 110 to 20 % slop pe and the maain traditional crop rotation is oa at-wheat or whheat-natural pasture. SLM Technology: No tillage with subsoiling, Chile DESIRE – WOCAT 2012 Above left: NNo tillage agricu ulture (Photo: CCarlos Ruiz) Above right: Wheat sown with w no tillage (Photo: Carloos Ovalle) Subsoiling befoore zero tillagee agriculture mitigates m wateer erosion com mpared to the traditional tillagee. In heavy rainfall events, zero tillage reduuced soil loss by more than 72 2% compared to conventionnal tillage. In addition, a the rrunoff coefficie ent during the ra ainy period waas 70% lower wwith zero tillag ge. These resuults show the importance i of co onservation tillage and crop stubble manag gement for deccreasing erosio on, especially Location: Bío in n years when extreme rainfaall events lead d to a high ppotential for so oil erosion. In Region: Cauq re elation to soil ccompaction, coomparing the re esistance to peenetration in th he soil profile, Technology th he traditional tillage system sshowed a stron ngly compactedd layer at a de epth of 10 cm Conservation (> >1300 kPa), whhich increased to over 2000 kPa k at depths of 15-20 cm. In contrast, no Stage of inte til llage precededd by subsoiling showed less compaction, , beyond 20 cm c below the Origin: extern th hreshold of 20000 kPa, definedd by several au uthors as the ccritical threshold d for radicular Land use: cro gr rowth. Moreovver, cereal prooduction showed higher biommass and gra ain yield. It is Climate: sub co oncluded that subsoiling beffore no tillage agriculture wwith stubble ret tained on the WOCAT data su urface was thee best option to mitigate soil erosion. e cdewocat.uni DESIRE site The main disadvvantage of thee system is that t the farmer reequires more ca apital to lease his.eu/en/sec machinery, m whicch in the traditional system is done with animal traction, and the horses Related appr or r oxen are frrom their ownn property. However, the iimproved yield d covers the experimental machinery m leasse costs. Addditionally, the system pushees small farm mers into co- Compiled by op peratives, becaause it is not ppossible for ev veryone to ownn the equipmen nt. To resolve Investigacione th his problem thee project prommoted the creat tion of small eenterprises (of 10 people) to Date: 9 jo ointly purchase no-tillage macchinery. th obio and Maule quenes area: 10 km Mar 2 e Region n measure: ag gronomic ervention: mitigation / reduct nally - recent (
Classification Land use problems: The soil shows severe water erosion. 75% of the area has slope over 15% and most soils are moderately to severely eroded. Soils with low infiltration (only 4%) are very compacted, because of agricultural practices. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure annual cropping Stage of intervention Prevention Mitigation / Reduction Rehabilitation Soil depth (cm) 0-20 20-50 50-80 80-120 >120 subhumid, temperate Origin physical soil deterioration: compaction Land user's initiative Experiments / research Externally introduced: < 10 years ago Main causes of land degradation: Direct causes – human induced: soil and crop management; natural: Heavy / extreme rainfall Indirect causes: poverty / wealth Main technical functions: - increase of infiltration - improvement of topsoil structure (compaction) - increase / maintain water stored in soil Environment Natural Environment Average annual rainfall (mm) > 4000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1500-2000 1000-1500 750-1000 500-750 250-500 < 250 Growing season(s): 300 days (Mar - Nov) Soil texture: medium (loam) Soil fertility: very low Topsoil organic matter: low ( 4000 3000-4000 2500-3000 2000-2500 1500-2000 1000-1500 500-1000 100-500
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Desire for Greener Land Options for
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DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener L
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Co-published by University of Bern,
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Cross-slope barriers Progressive be
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The present DESIRE publication desc
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Contributing authors and DESIRE con
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Desire for Greener Land - Options f
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XIV DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Figure 1: Desertification vulnerabi
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In DESIRE, WOCAT methods and tools
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Part 1
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8 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Greener
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Figure 1: Methodological framework
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to Russia and China (see Table 1).
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DRI = 5.4 Very high desertification
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Table 2 provides a more detailed de
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decision. This leads to solutions b
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Aims and objectives This penultimat
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Figure 7: The DESIRE Project has fo
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References: n EEA-European Environm
Page 41 and 42: Area (x1000 Ha) Major land use type
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Page 45 and 46: Rate of degradation per study site
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Page 49 and 50: % of area under conservation measur
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Page 55 and 56: Analysis of SLM technologies Introd
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Page 59 and 60: Origin of technology SLM technologi
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Page 67 and 68: No. of case studies Improved harves
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Page 73 and 74: Analysis of SLM approaches Introduc
Page 75 and 76: system is focused on control rather
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Page 79 and 80: actually implemented in the field.
Page 81 and 82: Concerning SLM, the most widely app
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Page 85 and 86: Desire for Greener Land Mexico Land
Page 87 and 88: 2.1 SLM case studies Case studies -
Page 89 and 90: Case studies - titles and short des
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Page 95 and 96: Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
Page 97 and 98: Class sification Land d use problem
Page 101 and 102: Classification Land use problems: T
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Assessment Impacts of the Technolog
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Classification Land use problems: T
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Classification Land use problems: W
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Classification Land use problems: O
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Class sification Land use problemss
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Classification Land use problems: I
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Classification Land use problems: L
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Classification Land use problems: D
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Classification Land use problems: S
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Problem, objectives and constraints
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Impacts of the Approach Improved su
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Input: - Equipment (machinery, tool
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Problems, objectives, and constrain
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Desire for Greener Land Opopejo Qui
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2.2 Mapping case studies This secti
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Land recommendation Land conservati
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Portugal - Maçao The Maçao area h
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Italy - Rendina The Rendina area ex
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Greece - Nestos This area has chemi
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Turkey - Eskişehir The Eskeheşir
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Tunisia - Koutine The Koutine area
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Russia - Novy Land use in the Novy
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Botswana - Boteti The main land use
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Chile - Cauquenes The Cauquenes are
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252 DESIRE - WOCAT Desire for Green
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Status of land degradation, sustain
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Examples of potential SLM technolog
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Actual
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Case study of the DESIRE methodolog
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II Identifying, evaluating and sele
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The results showed that the best op
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IV Up-scaling SLM strategies Some r
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Cropland (or grazing land, mixed la
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Explanation pages of case studies:
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Here appears an organogram - if ava
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Pictograms SLM technology Land use
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Logos of partners 282 DESIRE - WOCA
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Desire for Greener Land

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