THE UNITY OF IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE AS THE ...

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two distinct features from amongst the plurality that is discretely given. This manner of synthesis gives us the difference between subject and predicate. The second act of synthesis produces one feature or entity from amongst the plurality, a feature or entity that includes the duality produced by the first synthesis. This second act of synthesis provides the unity or connection expressed by the copula. The first option for considering judgment considers the world or experience as something presented to us immediately in a discrete or differentiated form, and it explains judgment in terms of two acts of synthesis. The second option for considering judgment assumes that the world is immediately given to us as a unity, and it construes the two rules that constitute the judgment as two different ways of analyzing or dividing this unity. Each rule proscribes a way for taking what is one and considering it as many. One of the rules guiding the analysis articulates a certain region of the world or experience in terms of two distinct features, the features represented by the subject and the predicate terms. Divided in another way, according to a second rule, these two features belong to the same feature or entity. Thus one act of analysis provides the difference that makes the judgment meaningful, while the other act of analysis provides the unity or identity that makes the judgment true. As with the first option, the second option allows for the complete distinction or disambiguation between the two principles or acts of analysis that constitute the judgment. We can spell out or articulate each act of analysis in terms of the unity that is immediately given, and thus we can articulate one principle without referring to the other one. Two things should be noted about these two conceptions of judgment. First, neither conception presents judgment as the result of synthesis and analysis. The first 129
option presents judgment as the result of two acts of synthesis, while the second option presents it as the result of two acts of analysis. Second, in both cases the rules that determine the judgments are themselves judgments. In other words, the principles themselves involve unity and plurality, identity and difference. On the first option, difference or plurality is simply given, and the principles show how to consider this plurality as a unity. On the second option, unity is immediately given, and the principles show us how to consider this unity as a plurality. In both cases, we have rules that relate unity and plurality. At this point it may be helpful to restate the issue under consideration. Judgment involves apparent acts of synthesis and analysis. It involves connecting and differentiating, a moment of identity and a moment difference. The subject and predicate terms present the result of analysis or the act of differentiating. They present the difference in the judgment. The copula presents the act of synthesis or connecting. It presents the identity in the judgment. The question under consideration, at this point, is the following: can the act of synthesis and the act of analysis be fully differentiated or disambiguated? Can we resolve the “contradiction” in the structure of judgment by saying that in one sense the subject and predicate are different, and in another sense they are one? If these two senses can be fully distinguished, then the structure of judgment consists in nothing more than the recognition of these two senses. In other words, if we can fully distinguish between these two senses, then the structure of judgment consists in two moments – the moment of identity or synthesis and the moment of analysis or difference. 134 Here there is no problem involved in grasping the “unity” of these two 134 Of course, in the accounts of judgment presented above, judgment does not truly consist in synthesis and analysis. On the first account, the apparent act of analysis proves to be a less thoroughgoing 130
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THE UNITY OF IDENTITY AND DIFFERENC
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Michael Eugene Morris in terms of c
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1.1) Preliminary Remarks………
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7) Essay on Natural Right: The Unit
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interpret these issues as an expres
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even “naively metaphysical.” 4
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immanent metaphysics. Insofar as He
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consciousness.” 13 Thus the Scien
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all genuine objects consist in some
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This section does not explain the m
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transitions from abstract right to
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The second moment of the will is th
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self as “pure infinity,” thus d
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will and the third part of the book
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3.2) The Notion: Substance as Subje
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is movement towards a “purpose.
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Therefore he argues we must replace
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judgment of the plant. The illustra
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the Encyclopedia, Hegel describes t
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colorful - but ultimately justified
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constituted in terms of the same ba
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provides the basic categories in te
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3.5) The “I” as Instantiation o
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of the self are genuine moments rat
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moments of the will. With regard to
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Before examining these issues, we s
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the third moment of the will, the m
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1.1) Preliminary Remarks CHAPTER TW
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certain traditional conceptions of
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conception that considers a thing a
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thing is “nothing.” Thus Bradle
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crucial ways. 71 Moreover, we are n
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From this brief survey, the followi
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If we can think of the thing’s qu
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and concrete, each object strives t
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different ways as his philosophy pr
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insists that truth comes in degrees
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necessary, therefore, if we use the
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Hegel believes that truth and falsi
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Hegel even insists that physical an
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2.4) The Degrees of Truth Ascribed
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more developed form of unity. A spe
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Page 89 and 90: higher kinds. The most general univ
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Page 93 and 94: In the most general and abstract te
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Page 97 and 98: of identity and difference, reason
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Page 103 and 104: Third, we have the moment that unit
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Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER THREE THE NATURE OF GENUINE
Page 109 and 110: Our discussion of these phenomena s
Page 111 and 112: Two will briefly consider Hegel sol
Page 113 and 114: 2.2) Difference, Identity, and Unit
Page 115 and 116: The second and third moments distin
Page 117 and 118: The moments of identity and differe
Page 119 and 120: The structure of judgment presents
Page 121 and 122: is red.” In this judgment, the su
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Page 127 and 128: judgments present the most develope
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Page 133 and 134: that is also a connecting. Thus jud
Page 135: Judgment obviously involves two men
Page 139 and 140: 5.4) Judgment Considered as a Serie
Page 141 and 142: we must carefully distinguish betwe
Page 143 and 144: all into the abyss of vacuity witho
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Page 147 and 148: 5.5) Judgment Considered as a Serie
Page 149 and 150: as (b) a process that starts with u
Page 151 and 152: The essential requirement for the s
Page 153 and 154: Through this progress [which is als
Page 155 and 156: inhere in this substance. Thus we c
Page 157 and 158: conversely, the understanding const
Page 159 and 160: 1) Introduction CHAPTER FOUR THE NA
Page 161 and 162: consider judgment as a series of ac
Page 163 and 164: Each judgment contains two obvious
Page 165 and 166: then there would be no basis for di
Page 167 and 168: In order to grasp the structure of
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Page 177 and 178: Here Hegel considers a conception o
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Page 181 and 182: moment of analysis. Moreover, we sa
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elation to the unity that constitut
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instantiate their telos fully. Or,
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inextricably entwined with its othe
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epresentation to all objects. Moreo
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telos, and the telos can only be co
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experience in which certain things
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In this passage, Hegel speaks of th
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make it “an independent object”
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prior to our cognitive awareness of
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inarticulate norms or categories. A
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In Quote 2 Hegel argues from the ex
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unity to be analyzed, not as a plur
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In Hegel’s description of the act
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to the world. This means that the m
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Ultimately, the misleading nature o
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English language - that provide her
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of experience. These are changes in
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5.8) No Discrete Plurality Given Pr
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1) Introduction CHAPTER FIVE THE UN
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identity and difference. In other w
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“plurality,” clearly demonstrat
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In the Darstellung meines Systems d
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difference must also be accepted.
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Schelling construes difference as m
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3) Jacobi: The Mysterious Unity of
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Only a determinate can determine an
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original unity (Urgemeinschaft) is
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object. In contrast to Jacobi, howe
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particular. I argued that the struc
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In the Systemfragment Hegel also de
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plurality as the problem of graspin
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present various ways of unifying th
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There is a second, more important r
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The following passages summarizes m
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apparently contradictory moments in
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apperception, actually provides the
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As he also states elsewhere in his
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view, Kant fails to recognize the f
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Here we see the basic structure of
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see further a connection between th
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issues and the views of his two pre
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difference illuminate, explain, and
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chapters could enrich and further s
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illustrates the alternative concept
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Philosophy of Right. Here we can im
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In an article entitled, “The basi
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the fundamental rights and interest
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ealize the kind of self-determinati
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The hermeneutic process illustrates
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necessary condition for the possibi
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So each stage of the dialectic incl
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In the following passage, Hegel cha
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“Sittlichkeit” presents the uni
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Hegel’s discussion of civil socie
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The standpoint of civil society see
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Civil society also rests upon the d
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can be defined in terms of some bio
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different from others. The desire t
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civil society. 330 The final senten
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point even more forcefully in his d
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Hegel’s view, the contradictions
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which the individual participates,
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argument, and on the basis of this
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HEGEL'S WORKS BIBLIOGRAPHY Werke. F
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Fulda, Hans Friedrich. (1978) “He
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Neuhouser, Frederick. (2000) Founda
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