Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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MONIKA POETTINGER Figure 9.2 International network of Mylius & Aldebert and related marriages 270
German Entrepreneurs and the Industrialization of Milan golden age. Smuggling became common practice. In Switzerland, Frères Merian smuggled extensively until the Neuenburg affair. 59 This extreme provocation was punished by prohibiting the import into France not only of English, but of all foreign cotton pieces. A decret fatal 60 pertaining to all Swiss and Rhineland producers consequently obliged them to reorganize their manufacturing facilities and capital investments. Merchants trading in English wares responded to French protectionism by simply rearranging routes and hubs to foster smuggling. The flexibility permitted by the limited partnership meant that this was easily done. For example, the affiliated families of Souchay, Schunk, Benecke, and Mylius ceased operating the original Mylius & Aldebert. They founded new firms and set up new production facilities in the south of Italy, 61 as did many other Swiss merchant–manufacturers. 62 In order to attain a minimum degree of effectiveness, the Con - tinental System thus had to become more and more stringent. In the end, the Edict of Fontainebleau, passed in October 1810, ordered the confiscation of all English and colonial wares throughout the entire French Empire. French infantry invaded Frankfurt, warehouses were searched, and all confiscated goods publicly burnt on the Pfingst - weide. 63 Mayer Amschel Rothschild was fined 20,000 francs and von autobiography of Ernst Wilhelm Arnoldi, manuscript (1840). Quoted by Hans Erkenbrecher, Ernst Wilhelm Arnoldi 1778–1841: Gründer der Gothauer Ver sicherungsbanken (Cologne, 1995), 2. 59 Niklaus Stettler, Peter Haenger, and Robert Labhardt, Baumwolle, Sklaven und Kredite (Basel, 2004), 153–63. 60 It was defined thus by a representive of the merchant house Burckardt & Compagnie in Basel. Ibid. 156. 61 The presence of Protestant families in the areas around Naples in the nineteenth century has been extensively studied by D. L. Caglioti, ‘Imprenditori evangelici nel Mezzogiorno dell’Ottocento’, Archivi e Imprese, 6/16 (1997), 245–81; id., ‘Minoranze e rivoluzione: I protestanti stranieri nel Mezzogiorno del 1848’, Passato e Presente, 59 (2003), 37–61. 62 An example is the case of the Swiss merchant–manufacturer Johann Jacob Egg. Desperate after the tightening of the Continental System, he crossed the St Gotthard pass in 1812 with 200 workers and all his machines to relocate in Piedimonte near Naples. Neue Deutsche Biographie (Berlin, 1971), ad nomen: Johann Jacob Egg, 329. 63 Johann Philipp Freiherr von Bethmann (ed.), Bankiers sind auch Menschen (Frankfurt am Main, 1973), 134. 271
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Cosmopolitan Networks
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Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce a
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FOREWORD The present volume is the
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CONTENTS 7. Meeting Friends and Doi
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LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Region of origin
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL economic
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Humboldt,
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL tant in t
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Cosmopoli
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL only cosm
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL highly vo
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL often reg
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL competito
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MARK CASSON ciently radical, howeve
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MARK CASSON Taking an instrumental
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MARK CASSON tion, directly or indir
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MARK CASSON ● Counselling and car
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MARK CASSON communities established
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MARK CASSON III. Basic Concepts of
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MARK CASSON A failure in any link w
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MARK CASSON may use an independent
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MARK CASSON the two-way flows of in
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MARK CASSON The consequences of emb
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MARK CASSON each entrepreneur. Havi
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MARK CASSON Fig. 2.4a Stylized view
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MARK CASSON Efficiency of communica
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MARK CASSON effect changes in it. S
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MARK CASSON cal trade network, for
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MARK CASSON Membership of one netwo
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PART I Geographies of Commercial Ne
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Like so many res
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH senator in 1912
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH much earlier tha
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH A networked appr
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Rhineland—to d
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH commercial partn
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH The Brazilian ex
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Hamburg’s comm
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH and it was direc
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH begun by French
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH prospered in are
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Germany in 1886,
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH One such busines
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH For the larger m
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Only those natio
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH empire fostered
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH politan traditio
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HELEN DOE tured on an international
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HELEN DOE guaranteed scheduled depa
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HELEN DOE Falmouth is a lively one:
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HELEN DOE ing and risk-reduction in
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HELEN DOE voyage cost going on wage
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HELEN DOE Table 5.2 Ports of call o
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HELEN DOE instructions on where to
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HELEN DOE Table 5.3 Shares owned by
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HELEN DOE with same ship during his
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6 The Jewish Consuls in the Mediter
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Jewish Consuls in the Mediterranean
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7 Meeting Friends and Doing Busines
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Quaker Missionary and Commercial Ac
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Page 230 and 231: FRANK HATJE der Smissen, on whose b
Page 232 and 233: FRANK HATJE simple reason that ‘t
Page 234 and 235: FRANK HATJE itan, and if cosmopolit
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Page 238 and 239: FRANK HATJE finally, the Deutsche C
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Page 242 and 243: FRANK HATJE preacher from the Lamis
Page 244 and 245: FRANK HATJE Limitations and Opportu
Page 246 and 247: FRANK HATJE The firm which Hinrich
Page 248 and 249: FRANK HATJE edge, this also contrib
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Page 252 and 253: FRANK HATJE dam branch of the famil
Page 254 and 255: FRANK HATJE Spreading the Gospel: F
Page 256 and 257: FRANK HATJE another 296,000 marks.
Page 259 and 260: 9 German Entrepreneurial Networks a
Page 261 and 262: German Entrepreneurs and the Indust
Page 279: German Entrepreneurs and the Indust
Page 301 and 302: MONIKA POETTINGER and to maintain t
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Page 305 and 306: Gunpowder Manufacturers and the Off
Page 325: PART IV Networks and Problems
Page 328 and 329: SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that networks
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY works in the A
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ing trust, the
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY transgression
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Key: Strong ti
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Blundell & Rai
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ford & Co., an
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY between the ar
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that the relat
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Jamaica, and w
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY wrote to Chaff
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY sonal comments
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY More important
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CAROLYN DOWNS nities available to e
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CAROLYN DOWNS increasing market for
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CAROLYN DOWNS ure of acquainting yo
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CAROLYN DOWNS may be a reason for E
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CAROLYN DOWNS his parents’ ill he
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CAROLYN DOWNS teen letters that wer
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CAROLYN DOWNS from outside his exis
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CAROLYN DOWNS The Liverpool Problem
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CAROLYN DOWNS island; cou’d wish
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CAROLYN DOWNS the town would earn
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CAROLYN DOWNS illustrative of the e
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CAROLYN DOWNS It is estimated that
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CAROLYN DOWNS Network Development a
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CAROLYN DOWNS today. Bills of excha
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CAROLYN DOWNS News from Eccleston
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CAROLYN DOWNS sels as well as rapid
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CAROLYN DOWNS as the year ended, Ec
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NOTES ON EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS M
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Notes on Contributors SÜNNE JUTERC
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Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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