Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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MARK CASSON Fig. 2.4a Stylized view of a competitive market intermediated by entre - preneurs Fig. 2.4b Vertical and horizontal communication in a market with secret collusion between suppliers and learning between consumers 40
Networks in Economic and Business History linkages between elements of the same type from linkages between elements of a different type. Once again, links between elements of different types may be presumed to be pro-competitive, and links between elements of the same type to be anti-competitive, although these presumptions will not always be correct as the competitive implications depend not only on the configuration but also on the type of relationship involved. V. The Spatial Division of Labour and the Demand for Transport and Communication Networks 1. The Demand for Personal Transport Derived from Social Networking The above analysis has emphasized the close links between social net works and physical networks, with the flow of information through the former being used to coordinate the flow of resources through the latter. The links between social and physical networks become even closer when the spatial dimension of economic activity is examined in more detail. There is a crucial difference between remote communication and face-to-face communication: while the former creates a demand for communications infrastructure, the latter creates a demand for transport infrastructure. Everyone cannot live ‘next door’ to everyone else, and so face-to-face communication creates a demand for travel to meetings. When just two or three people plan to meet, people may take it in turn to act as host, but when a significant number of people need to meet a central location will normally be used. A specialized central location reduces overall travelling distance, whilst large meetings economize on the use of time as it is possible to meet lots of people by making just one trip. Attending large meetings is also an efficient way of obtaining introductions: each person can not only be introduced, but can also introduce others. The structure of the meeting is important in this respect. People need to be able to circulate so that they can be paired up with appropriate people. Break-out areas in which people can hold confidential one-to-one discussions are also useful when the function of a meeting is to help broker business deals. 41
Page 1 and 2: Cosmopolitan Networks
Page 3 and 4: Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce a
Page 5: FOREWORD The present volume is the
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS 7. Meeting Friends and Doi
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Region of origin
Page 12 and 13: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL economic
Page 14 and 15: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Humboldt,
Page 16 and 17: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL tant in t
Page 18 and 19: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Cosmopoli
Page 20 and 21: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL only cosm
Page 22 and 23: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL highly vo
Page 24 and 25: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL often reg
Page 26 and 27: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL competito
Page 28 and 29: MARK CASSON ciently radical, howeve
Page 30 and 31: MARK CASSON Taking an instrumental
Page 32 and 33: MARK CASSON tion, directly or indir
Page 34 and 35: MARK CASSON ● Counselling and car
Page 36 and 37: MARK CASSON communities established
Page 38 and 39: MARK CASSON III. Basic Concepts of
Page 40 and 41: MARK CASSON A failure in any link w
Page 42 and 43: MARK CASSON may use an independent
Page 44 and 45: MARK CASSON the two-way flows of in
Page 46 and 47: MARK CASSON The consequences of emb
Page 48 and 49: MARK CASSON each entrepreneur. Havi
Page 52 and 53: MARK CASSON Efficiency of communica
Page 54 and 55: MARK CASSON effect changes in it. S
Page 56 and 57: MARK CASSON cal trade network, for
Page 58 and 59: MARK CASSON Membership of one netwo
Page 61: PART I Geographies of Commercial Ne
Page 64 and 65: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Like so many res
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH senator in 1912
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH much earlier tha
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH A networked appr
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Rhineland—to d
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH commercial partn
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH The Brazilian ex
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Hamburg’s comm
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH and it was direc
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH begun by French
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH prospered in are
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Germany in 1886,
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH One such busines
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH For the larger m
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Only those natio
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH empire fostered
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH politan traditio
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HELEN DOE tured on an international
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HELEN DOE guaranteed scheduled depa
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HELEN DOE Falmouth is a lively one:
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HELEN DOE ing and risk-reduction in
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HELEN DOE voyage cost going on wage
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HELEN DOE Table 5.2 Ports of call o
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HELEN DOE instructions on where to
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HELEN DOE Table 5.3 Shares owned by
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HELEN DOE with same ship during his
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6 The Jewish Consuls in the Mediter
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Jewish Consuls in the Mediterranean
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7 Meeting Friends and Doing Busines
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Quaker Missionary and Commercial Ac
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FRANK HATJE der Smissen, on whose b
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FRANK HATJE simple reason that ‘t
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FRANK HATJE itan, and if cosmopolit
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FRANK HATJE families in Lancashire,
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FRANK HATJE finally, the Deutsche C
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FRANK HATJE almost exclusively from
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FRANK HATJE preacher from the Lamis
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FRANK HATJE Limitations and Opportu
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FRANK HATJE The firm which Hinrich
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FRANK HATJE edge, this also contrib
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FRANK HATJE and Paris before return
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FRANK HATJE dam branch of the famil
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FRANK HATJE Spreading the Gospel: F
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FRANK HATJE another 296,000 marks.
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9 German Entrepreneurial Networks a
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German Entrepreneurs and the Indust
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MONIKA POETTINGER and to maintain t
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10 Gunpowder Manufacturers and the
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Gunpowder Manufacturers and the Off
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PART IV Networks and Problems
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that networks
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY works in the A
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ing trust, the
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY transgression
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Key: Strong ti
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Blundell & Rai
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ford & Co., an
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY between the ar
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that the relat
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Jamaica, and w
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY wrote to Chaff
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY sonal comments
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY More important
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CAROLYN DOWNS nities available to e
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CAROLYN DOWNS increasing market for
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CAROLYN DOWNS ure of acquainting yo
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CAROLYN DOWNS may be a reason for E
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CAROLYN DOWNS his parents’ ill he
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CAROLYN DOWNS teen letters that wer
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CAROLYN DOWNS from outside his exis
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CAROLYN DOWNS The Liverpool Problem
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CAROLYN DOWNS island; cou’d wish
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CAROLYN DOWNS the town would earn
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CAROLYN DOWNS illustrative of the e
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CAROLYN DOWNS It is estimated that
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CAROLYN DOWNS Network Development a
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CAROLYN DOWNS today. Bills of excha
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CAROLYN DOWNS News from Eccleston
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CAROLYN DOWNS sels as well as rapid
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CAROLYN DOWNS as the year ended, Ec
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NOTES ON EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS M
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Notes on Contributors SÜNNE JUTERC
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Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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