Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS WEBER notary archives has shown that at least 239 German traders had settled there between 1680 and 1830. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that the group was larger than around 80 to 100 at any time during the 1780s and 1790s, when it was at its demographic peak. 58 This estimate includes only the shareholding partners of trading companies. If employees such as bookkeepers, other related professionals, and family members are also included, that figure might easily be doubled. The nature of the sources used here, mostly wills from notary archives, allows the places of origin of almost all of this group totalling 239 to be identified, revealing some parallels with the German community in London. In Cadiz as in London, merchants from Hanseatic cities do not clearly dominate the German community. Of the 227 individuals whose German home we know, 88 came from Hamburg, while only 6 were from Bremen and 3 from Lübeck. Surprisingly, a dense and discrete cluster of origin occurs in one of the seemingly most remot areas of the Holy Empire, in Bohemia, separated by a mountain range from the northern German lowlands and the North Sea coast. Some 50 Bohemian traders (all German-speaking) were established in Cadiz, the first having arrived during the 1720s. Most came from the village of Haida (today Nový Bor) and its surroundings in the district of Leitmeritz (today Litoměřice), which was famous for glass manufacturing. Another region of origin was the vast proto-industrial area in north-western Germany that was also well represented in London, including the territories of northern Westphalia, the Duchy of Berg, the County of Mark, and the lower Rhineland. This more dispersed cluster consisted of 26 textile and metalware traders. Half of them came from the northern Westphalian linen-producing region around Osnabrück and Bielefeld. The more eastern territories of southern Saxony, Lusatia, and Silesia, which were also well-known textile regions, sent only a few traders to Spain (see Figure 3.3). A good example of merchants linking the textile manufactures of north-western Germany with Atlantic markets is provided by the Ellermann family. In the literature on the merchants in Hamburg and in Cadiz, traders of that name were assumed to be from Hanseatic cities, but in fact they originated from two villages near Osnabrück, 58 Weber, Deutsche Kaufleute, 352–161. 76
From Westphalia to the Caribbean Figure 3.3 Places of birth of German merchants established in Cadiz, 1680–1830 Source: Klaus Weber, Deutsche Kaufleute im Atlantikhandel: Unternehmen und Familien in Ham burg, Cadiz und Bordeaux (1680–1830) (Munich, 2004), 402. Reprinted by permission of C. H. Beck Verlag. 77
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Cosmopolitan Networks
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Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce a
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FOREWORD The present volume is the
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CONTENTS 7. Meeting Friends and Doi
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LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Region of origin
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL economic
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Humboldt,
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL tant in t
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Cosmopoli
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL only cosm
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL highly vo
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL often reg
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MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL competito
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MARK CASSON ciently radical, howeve
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MARK CASSON Taking an instrumental
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MARK CASSON tion, directly or indir
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MARK CASSON ● Counselling and car
Page 36 and 37: MARK CASSON communities established
Page 38 and 39: MARK CASSON III. Basic Concepts of
Page 40 and 41: MARK CASSON A failure in any link w
Page 42 and 43: MARK CASSON may use an independent
Page 44 and 45: MARK CASSON the two-way flows of in
Page 46 and 47: MARK CASSON The consequences of emb
Page 48 and 49: MARK CASSON each entrepreneur. Havi
Page 50 and 51: MARK CASSON Fig. 2.4a Stylized view
Page 52 and 53: MARK CASSON Efficiency of communica
Page 54 and 55: MARK CASSON effect changes in it. S
Page 56 and 57: MARK CASSON cal trade network, for
Page 58 and 59: MARK CASSON Membership of one netwo
Page 61: PART I Geographies of Commercial Ne
Page 64 and 65: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS
Page 110 and 111: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Like so many res
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Page 114 and 115: BRADLEY D. NARANCH much earlier tha
Page 116 and 117: BRADLEY D. NARANCH A networked appr
Page 118 and 119: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Rhineland—to d
Page 120 and 121: BRADLEY D. NARANCH commercial partn
Page 122 and 123: BRADLEY D. NARANCH The Brazilian ex
Page 124 and 125: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Hamburg’s comm
Page 126 and 127: BRADLEY D. NARANCH and it was direc
Page 128 and 129: BRADLEY D. NARANCH begun by French
Page 130 and 131: BRADLEY D. NARANCH prospered in are
Page 132 and 133: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Germany in 1886,
Page 134 and 135: BRADLEY D. NARANCH One such busines
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH For the larger m
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH Only those natio
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH empire fostered
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BRADLEY D. NARANCH politan traditio
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HELEN DOE tured on an international
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HELEN DOE guaranteed scheduled depa
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HELEN DOE Falmouth is a lively one:
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HELEN DOE ing and risk-reduction in
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HELEN DOE voyage cost going on wage
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HELEN DOE Table 5.2 Ports of call o
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HELEN DOE instructions on where to
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HELEN DOE Table 5.3 Shares owned by
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HELEN DOE with same ship during his
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6 The Jewish Consuls in the Mediter
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Jewish Consuls in the Mediterranean
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7 Meeting Friends and Doing Busines
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Quaker Missionary and Commercial Ac
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FRANK HATJE der Smissen, on whose b
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FRANK HATJE simple reason that ‘t
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FRANK HATJE itan, and if cosmopolit
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FRANK HATJE families in Lancashire,
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FRANK HATJE finally, the Deutsche C
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FRANK HATJE almost exclusively from
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FRANK HATJE preacher from the Lamis
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FRANK HATJE Limitations and Opportu
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FRANK HATJE The firm which Hinrich
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FRANK HATJE edge, this also contrib
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FRANK HATJE and Paris before return
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FRANK HATJE dam branch of the famil
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FRANK HATJE Spreading the Gospel: F
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FRANK HATJE another 296,000 marks.
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9 German Entrepreneurial Networks a
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German Entrepreneurs and the Indust
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MONIKA POETTINGER and to maintain t
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10 Gunpowder Manufacturers and the
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Gunpowder Manufacturers and the Off
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PART IV Networks and Problems
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that networks
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY works in the A
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ing trust, the
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY transgression
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Key: Strong ti
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Blundell & Rai
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ford & Co., an
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY between the ar
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that the relat
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Jamaica, and w
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY wrote to Chaff
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY sonal comments
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SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY More important
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CAROLYN DOWNS nities available to e
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CAROLYN DOWNS increasing market for
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CAROLYN DOWNS ure of acquainting yo
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CAROLYN DOWNS may be a reason for E
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CAROLYN DOWNS his parents’ ill he
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CAROLYN DOWNS teen letters that wer
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CAROLYN DOWNS from outside his exis
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CAROLYN DOWNS The Liverpool Problem
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CAROLYN DOWNS island; cou’d wish
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CAROLYN DOWNS the town would earn
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CAROLYN DOWNS illustrative of the e
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CAROLYN DOWNS It is estimated that
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CAROLYN DOWNS Network Development a
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CAROLYN DOWNS today. Bills of excha
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CAROLYN DOWNS News from Eccleston
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CAROLYN DOWNS sels as well as rapid
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CAROLYN DOWNS as the year ended, Ec
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NOTES ON EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS M
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Notes on Contributors SÜNNE JUTERC
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Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

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