Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

More documents

Recommendations

Info

MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS WEBER transported ideas and values which contributed to integrating the dispersed areas into an empire. 24 The Nine Years War had already contributed to a certain shortage of enterprising merchants with capital. Foreign merchants began to fill the gap which British merchants had left. There was not only a lack of numbers, but native merchants also turned their capital to more profitable investments. 25 Foreign merchants, among them a grow ing number of Germans, migrated to London to replace them. They contributed to turning the capital into an emporium of worldwide trade by re-exporting the surplus of colonial goods which the British Isles could not consume to the European Continent. The old German states, Russia, and other parts of south-eastern Europe were a profitable market for colonial wares because these countries did not have any overseas colonies to supply them directly with sugar, coffee, and other tropical produce. These countries also delivered a variety of commodities such as linen textiles, timber, and naval stores which Britain on its own could not produce in the quantities required to supply the needs of its colonial residents, its navy, and emerging modern industries. When did the migration and settlement of German merchants in London begin? Since the late Middle Ages, London’s commercial elite had already been international. In the seventeenth century, London’s immigrant elite was largely made up of Dutch and Hugue - not merchants, while there were few Germans. Only in the eight - eenth century did Germans become the largest immigrant group of the Christian faith. After Elizabeth I closed the Steelyard, no more than a handful of German merchants remained in the capital. From the last years of the Commonwealth the number of German merchants began to increase. Although merchants from the Hanseatic cities of Bremen and Hamburg constituted a majority among Lon - don’s eighteenth-century Germans, there were as many from the textile areas of the north-western parts of the Holy Roman Empire as from Hamburg alone (see Table 3.1). Several factors influenced people to leave the country of their birth. Perhaps more important than Germany’s slow recovery from the economic impact of the Thirty Years War was the disruption of 24 David Hancock, Citizens of the World (Cambridge, 1995). 25 Jones, War and Economy, 257–8. 60
From Westphalia to the Caribbean Table 3.1 Region of origin of German merchants established in Lon - don, 1715–1800 Place of birth (states) Number Hamburg 79 Bremen 67 Westphalia, Brunswick, Berg, Lippe, Hildesheim a 45 Hanover a 35 Saxony 29 Brandenburg 18 Hesse/Hesse-Kassel 16 Holstein 15 Prussia 13 Palatinate 10 Silesia 8 a These small states comprised the textile area of the north-west of Germany and should actually be seen as an early pre-industrial unit. Taken together, more came from this part of Germany than from either Hamburg or Bremen between 1715 and 1800. Source: compiled by the authors from from William A. Shaw, Letters of Deni - za tion and Acts of Naturalization for Aliens in England and Wales 1701–1800 (Manchester, 1923). 61
Page 1 and 2:
Cosmopolitan Networks
Page 3 and 4:
Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce a
Page 5:
FOREWORD The present volume is the
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS 7. Meeting Friends and Doi
Page 10 and 11:
LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Region of origin
Page 12 and 13:
MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL economic
Page 14 and 15:
MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Humboldt,
Page 16 and 17:
MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL tant in t
Page 18 and 19:
MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL Cosmopoli
Page 20 and 21: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL only cosm
Page 22 and 23: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL highly vo
Page 24 and 25: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL often reg
Page 26 and 27: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL competito
Page 28 and 29: MARK CASSON ciently radical, howeve
Page 30 and 31: MARK CASSON Taking an instrumental
Page 32 and 33: MARK CASSON tion, directly or indir
Page 34 and 35: MARK CASSON ● Counselling and car
Page 36 and 37: MARK CASSON communities established
Page 38 and 39: MARK CASSON III. Basic Concepts of
Page 40 and 41: MARK CASSON A failure in any link w
Page 42 and 43: MARK CASSON may use an independent
Page 44 and 45: MARK CASSON the two-way flows of in
Page 46 and 47: MARK CASSON The consequences of emb
Page 48 and 49: MARK CASSON each entrepreneur. Havi
Page 50 and 51: MARK CASSON Fig. 2.4a Stylized view
Page 52 and 53: MARK CASSON Efficiency of communica
Page 54 and 55: MARK CASSON effect changes in it. S
Page 56 and 57: MARK CASSON cal trade network, for
Page 58 and 59: MARK CASSON Membership of one netwo
Page 61: PART I Geographies of Commercial Ne
Page 64 and 65: MARGRIT SCHULTE BEERBÜHL and KLAUS
Page 110 and 111: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Like so many res
Page 112 and 113: BRADLEY D. NARANCH senator in 1912
Page 114 and 115: BRADLEY D. NARANCH much earlier tha
Page 116 and 117: BRADLEY D. NARANCH A networked appr
Page 118 and 119: BRADLEY D. NARANCH Rhineland—to d
Page 120 and 121:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH commercial partn
Page 122 and 123:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH The Brazilian ex
Page 124 and 125:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH Hamburg’s comm
Page 126 and 127:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH and it was direc
Page 128 and 129:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH begun by French
Page 130 and 131:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH prospered in are
Page 132 and 133:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH Germany in 1886,
Page 134 and 135:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH One such busines
Page 136 and 137:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH For the larger m
Page 138 and 139:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH Only those natio
Page 140 and 141:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH empire fostered
Page 142 and 143:
BRADLEY D. NARANCH politan traditio
Page 144 and 145:
HELEN DOE tured on an international
Page 146 and 147:
HELEN DOE guaranteed scheduled depa
Page 148 and 149:
HELEN DOE Falmouth is a lively one:
Page 150 and 151:
HELEN DOE ing and risk-reduction in
Page 152 and 153:
HELEN DOE voyage cost going on wage
Page 154 and 155:
HELEN DOE Table 5.2 Ports of call o
Page 156 and 157:
HELEN DOE instructions on where to
Page 158 and 159:
HELEN DOE Table 5.3 Shares owned by
Page 160 and 161:
HELEN DOE with same ship during his
Page 163 and 164:
6 The Jewish Consuls in the Mediter
Page 165 and 166:
Jewish Consuls in the Mediterranean
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
7 Meeting Friends and Doing Busines
Page 199 and 200:
Quaker Missionary and Commercial Ac
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227:
Page 230 and 231:
FRANK HATJE der Smissen, on whose b
Page 232 and 233:
FRANK HATJE simple reason that ‘t
Page 234 and 235:
FRANK HATJE itan, and if cosmopolit
Page 236 and 237:
FRANK HATJE families in Lancashire,
Page 238 and 239:
FRANK HATJE finally, the Deutsche C
Page 240 and 241:
FRANK HATJE almost exclusively from
Page 242 and 243:
FRANK HATJE preacher from the Lamis
Page 244 and 245:
FRANK HATJE Limitations and Opportu
Page 246 and 247:
FRANK HATJE The firm which Hinrich
Page 248 and 249:
FRANK HATJE edge, this also contrib
Page 250 and 251:
FRANK HATJE and Paris before return
Page 252 and 253:
FRANK HATJE dam branch of the famil
Page 254 and 255:
FRANK HATJE Spreading the Gospel: F
Page 256 and 257:
FRANK HATJE another 296,000 marks.
Page 259 and 260:
9 German Entrepreneurial Networks a
Page 261 and 262:
German Entrepreneurs and the Indust
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
MONIKA POETTINGER and to maintain t
Page 303 and 304:
10 Gunpowder Manufacturers and the
Page 305 and 306:
Gunpowder Manufacturers and the Off
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325:
PART IV Networks and Problems
Page 328 and 329:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that networks
Page 330 and 331:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY works in the A
Page 332 and 333:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ing trust, the
Page 334 and 335:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY transgression
Page 336 and 337:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Key: Strong ti
Page 338 and 339:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Blundell & Rai
Page 340 and 341:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY ford & Co., an
Page 342 and 343:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY between the ar
Page 344 and 345:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY that the relat
Page 346 and 347:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY Jamaica, and w
Page 348 and 349:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY wrote to Chaff
Page 350 and 351:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY sonal comments
Page 352 and 353:
SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY More important
Page 354 and 355:
CAROLYN DOWNS nities available to e
Page 356 and 357:
CAROLYN DOWNS increasing market for
Page 358 and 359:
CAROLYN DOWNS ure of acquainting yo
Page 360 and 361:
CAROLYN DOWNS may be a reason for E
Page 362 and 363:
CAROLYN DOWNS his parents’ ill he
Page 364 and 365:
CAROLYN DOWNS teen letters that wer
Page 366 and 367:
CAROLYN DOWNS from outside his exis
Page 368 and 369:
CAROLYN DOWNS The Liverpool Problem
Page 370 and 371:
CAROLYN DOWNS island; cou’d wish
Page 372 and 373:
CAROLYN DOWNS the town would earn
Page 374 and 375:
CAROLYN DOWNS illustrative of the e
Page 376 and 377:
CAROLYN DOWNS It is estimated that
Page 378 and 379:
CAROLYN DOWNS Network Development a
Page 380 and 381:
CAROLYN DOWNS today. Bills of excha
Page 382 and 383:
CAROLYN DOWNS News from Eccleston
Page 384 and 385:
CAROLYN DOWNS sels as well as rapid
Page 386 and 387:
CAROLYN DOWNS as the year ended, Ec
Page 389 and 390:
NOTES ON EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS M
Page 391 and 392:
Notes on Contributors SÜNNE JUTERC
show all

Cosmopolitan Networks in Commerce and Society 1660–1914

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?